Turkey
Pergamon Bridge

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    • Day 92

      Die Ruinenstadt Pergamon

      August 25, 2023 in Turkey ⋅ ☀️ 36 °C

      Die idyllische Bucht an der Ägäis muss nun ohne uns auskommen und auch die liebe Yildiz aus Düsseldorf. Sie brachte uns noch ein paar Leckereien zum Abschied, wir bleiben in Kontakt.
      Danach fahren wir 180 Kilometer weiter nach Norden und besuchen die antike Stadt Pergamon. Schon von weitem sieht man sie hoch oben auf einem steilen Berg liegen. Unterhalb hat sich die quirlige moderne und symphatische Stadt Bergama gebildet. Hier verbindet sich das Flair einer türkischen Landstadt mit grandiosen Zeugnissen der Antike.
      Geparkt wird an den Ruinen der „roten Halle“. Kaiser Hadrian ließ den einst mit Marmorplatten verkleideten Ziegelbau als Tempel für ägyptische Gottheiten errichten.
      Danach fährt uns ein einheimischer Taxifahrer den steilen Berg hinauf zur Akropolis.
      Wir verabreden eine Abholzeit mit ihm und tauchen in die Welt der „ alten Steine“ ein.
      Es gibt auch neuerdings eine moderne Seilbahn, die so gar nicht in die Landschaft passt. Wir aber wollten mit unserem Geld die Leute aus dem Ort und ihr Gewerbe unterstützen.
      Der Spaziergang durch die alte Welt mit ihren Ruinen war spannend und der Rundblick in die neue Welt grandios. Das berühmte Altarrelief besuchen wir irgendwann im „Pergamon-Museum“ in Berlin.
      Und die Stadt Bergama mit ihrem eigenen Charme, ohne Touri-Gedöns einfach zum Verlieben!

      Hier noch ein kleiner geschichtlicher Abriss:

      Pergamon, heute heißt die Stadt Bergama, war eine antike griechische Stadt nahe der Westküste Kleinasiens in der heutigen Türkei, etwa 80 km nördlich von Izmir.
      Während des 3. und 2. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. war Pergamon Hauptstadt des Pergamenischen Reichs, das sich über große Teile des westlichen Kleinasiens erstreckte. Unter der kunstsinnigen Dynastie der Attaliden, die bestrebt war, ein neues Athen zu schaffen, wurde die Stadt zu einem der bedeutendsten Kulturzentren des Hellenismus. Nach einer antiken Legende wurde das nach Pergamon benannte Pergament in dieser Stadt erfunden. Tatsächlich war Pergamon ein Zentrum der Pergamentproduktion.
      Pergamon lag am nördlichen Rand einer Ebene. Die Bebauung erhebt sich zu Füßen, an den Hängen und auf der Hochfläche der Akropolis, deren Kern aus einem etwa 335 Meter hohen, tafelbergförmigen Massiv aus Andesitgestein besteht. Der Burgberg fällt nach Norden, Osten und Westen sehr steil ab, während die Südseite über drei natürliche Absätze einen flacheren Übergang zur Ebene bildet.

      Pergamon gehört seit 2014 zum UNESCO-Weltkulturerbe.

      Zur Zeit des Neuen Testaments war sie die größte Stadt im westlichen Kleinasien.
      Ihre beeindruckenden Tempel, ihre Bibliothek und ihre medizinischen Ressourcen haben Pergamon zu einem renommierten kulturellen und politischen Zentrum gemacht.
      Das gut erhaltene Theater stammt aus hellenistischer Zeit und bot mit 78 Sitzreihen Platz für rund 10.000 Personen. Mit einer Höhe von 36 Metern ist es das steilste aller antiken Theater.
      Mir wurde ganz schön komisch, als ich auf der obersten Stufe sitzend, in die Tiefe blicken musste.
      Allein der steile, dunkle, enge Eingang zum Theater wäre für mich ein No Go, geschweige denn den Krokodil- Kämpfen zusehen zu müssen. 😅
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    • Day 21

      Bergama: Breakfast @ Yeni Gün

      September 23, 2023 in Turkey ⋅ ☀️ 81 °F

      This morning, the three siblings and Mui set off early with Murat in the driver’s seat. Our destination was the modern-day town of Bergama … home to the ruins of the ancient Greek city of Pergamum.

      For this outing, we were joined by Hakan and Serenay, my nephew and niece-in-law. Convoying with them allowed Deniz to jump into their car so that we could all enjoy the nearly 70-mile ride to Bergama in comfort.

      First on the agenda was breakfast at a small eatery, appropriately named Yeni Gün [New Day].

      Everyone in our party — except for us — had been to this historic breakfast place before. Thus, they knew that the first thing to do on arrival in Bergama was to pick up some fresh-out-of-the-oven gevrek [sesame covered bread rings] from a bakery before continuing on to the no-frills breakfast place.

      The owner of Yeni Gün is known as Eşref Amca [Uncle Eşref] to one and all. A veteran of the Korean War, I estimate his age to be around 93 … based on a 2020 newspaper article in which he was said to be 90 years old at the time. For the last 76 years, he’s been operating this breakfast place, which — as the story goes — was established by his grandfather some 120 years ago. As old as the place is, its location on top of the Tabak Bridge — which was constructed during the reign of Hadrian (AD 117-138) — is older by leaps and bounds.

      When we arrived, Eşref Amca was dressed in his “uniform” — a dark grey suit — and seated in a corner of the kitchen, overseeing everything. His age now precluding him from actively participating in the breakfast service as he once did, he is not able to converse much either these days … though he did appreciate Mui stopping by to say hello.

      Since the tables on the sidewalk were all occupied, we had no choice but to sit inside — simple marble-topped tables and wood chairs with thin pillows adding a bit of comfort … walls decorated, at the insistence of his daughter-in-law, with photos of Eşref Amca taken with famous people who have stopped by to enjoy his hospitality and breakfast over the years. A few newspaper articles telling his story and a letter from the South Korean President thanking him for his service during the Korean War were also framed and displayed on one wall.

      There is no menu per se. Nor is this a place for the “serpme kahvaltı” for which Turkey is renowned … a tapas-style breakfast with so many plates that it is hard to see the top of the table once everything is delivered. Yes, everything was served in small individual plates here as well, but the breakfast consists of a limited, pre-fixed selection of dishes.

      As soon as we sat down, one of the servers immediately showed up to serve us. Before we knew it, the table top was strewn with plates of clotted cream and honey, local cheese and butter, green and black olives, and a hard-boiled egg. A basket of fresh bread soon followed … though we only nibbled on it since we had brought gevrek with us. Turkish tea was the beverage of choice all around. Tomatoes and cucumbers and fried eggs were available for the asking … as was unpasteurized fresh milk, boiled hot.

      A simple breakfast … but everything was of top quality.

      Our tummies sated, we walked from Yeni Gün to where Murat and Hakan had parked the cars. Thus giving us an opportunity to see the ancient bridge on which it is situated.
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    • Day 21

      Bergama: Kızıl Avlu

      September 23, 2023 in Turkey ⋅ ☀️ 91 °F

      The Red Courtyard, as Kızıl Avlu translates from Turkish, is also known as the Red Basilica … or more commonly, as the Red Hall. We had all been to these ruins in Bergama on previous occasions. Nonetheless, we made a quick stop there after visiting the ruins of the ancient Asclepieion.

      The structure was once a monumental temple. It was built in the 2nd century AD … possibly during the reign of Hadrian. Its red brick walls were covered with colored marble. The columns of the stoas were carved in the form of back to back male and female figures … in the Egyptian style. This led archaeologists to believe that the temple was used to worship Egyptian gods — specifically Isis, Serapis, and Harpocrates.

      The hall was part of a much larger sacred complex that was surrounded by high walls. The complex was built directly over the River Selinus … a remarkable feat of engineering that included the construction of an immense bridge that channeled the river under the temple. This bridge, known as the Pergamum Bridge, is still in use today. The majority of the complex, however, remains buried beneath the buildings of modern day Bergama.

      The temple was converted by the Romans into a Christian church dedicated to St John but was subsequently destroyed. Our visit today took in the ruins of the main temple and one of the side rotundas. The second side rotunda is in use as a small mosque, which we opted to skip.

      The rotunda we entered is a big, empty building with an oculus in the center of the domed ceiling high above … a la the Pantheon in Rome, which was a Roman temple also built during the reign of Hadrian. Which might account for the similarity in style.

      The last time I was at this site, the entrance to the ruins of the big, red brick hall that is the primary attraction here was barred. Not that there is much to see inside, but being able to walk in and stand amidst the walls gives a whole new perspective on the height of the walls that remain standing.

      Completing our quick visit to the Red Hall, we strolled into the downtown area to pick up some Bergama Tulum, a cheese for which Bergama is renowned. A few other things — including tahini, helva with pistachios, and a loaf of rustic bread made from garbanzo bean flour — also found their way into the shopping bags!
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