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  • Pat SchultzPrussian-Poland TourПутешественник
    St. Procopius on the left.The columns tell a story.One of the famous columns.A lot of work going on inside.

    Holy Trinity + St. Procopius, Strzelno

    16 сентября 2019 г., Польша ☁️ 55 °F

    https://medievalheritage.eu/en/main-page/herita…
    The construction of the church along with the Norbertine monastery began at the end of the twelfth century, the first mention of it comes from 1193. The founder of the church was the castellan of Kruszwica, Piotr Wszeborowic, immortalized by the inscription on the tympanum, and his sons Kalkon and Krystyn, and possibly the daughter-in-law of Zmysława. In 1216 a solemn consecration of the temple took place. At that time, the chancel and transept were completed, and work on the nave was to end around the mid-13th century. At the end of the 15th century the chapel was rebuilt at the south of the chancel and the ceilings were replaced by the stellar vaults. Another remodeling of the 18th century unfortunately made the church facade, the southern chapels and the interior of the temple baroque. At that time romanesque columns between the aisles were walled up, and remained hidden until 1946.Читать далее

  • Pat SchultzPrussian-Poland TourПутешественник
    1

    St. Mary and St. Michael, Trzemeszno

    16 сентября 2019 г., Польша ☁️ 57 °F

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trzemeszno
    Trzemeszno [tʂɛˈmɛʂnɔ] (German: Tremessen) is a town in central Poland belonging to the group of the oldest settlements in the region. The town's name derives from an Old Polish word “Trzemcha” meaning the flower of the "Bird’s Cherry" plant, which once grew in the vicinity. It is situated in Greater Poland Voivodeship; previously it was in Bydgoszcz Voivodeship (1975–1998).
    History
    Around the 10th century, a kind of defensive settlement was created here. It soon changed its function into a market settlement. It was significant that the town lay on the trade route joining Greater Poland with northern Masovia and Pomerelia.

    In the 12th century, Trzemeszno became a property of the monastery of Canons regular of St. Augustine. The monks were brought there by prince Bolesław III Wrymouth. Trzemeszno received its town rights before 1382.

    From the second half of the 17th century, there began a decline of the town and region caused by wars (Swedish invasions) and plagues. In 1766, there were only 15 houses left in Trzemeszno. However, soon the town started to develop rapidly. An important period in town's history is due to the activity of Michał Kościesza Kosmowski, who was the monastery abbot (1761–1804). He founded the "New Town" – a suburb, where cloth makers were settled, and St. Michael's suburb for other craftsmen. Kosmowski founded also several buildings of public services: “Collegium Tremesnensis” a secondary school, hospital and a new brewery. The Polish patriot, Jan Kiliński, was born here in 1760. In 1791, there were 144 buildings in the town and almost 1000 people lived there. The main activities of the residents were connected to crafts, trade and framing. The enterprise, which took up artistic challenges, was rebuilding and changing into baroque style of the monastery church. The work was finished in 1791 when the church was consecrated.

    In 1793, due to the second partition of Poland, Trzemeszno became a part of Prussia and after Napoleon I, in 1815 it was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Posen. In 1849, Trzemeszno was renamed "Tremessen" and belonged to Kreis Mogilno of the Prussian Province of Posen. It was registered within Standesamt Tremessen.

    In 1836 the government secularized the monastery.

    In 1848, Trzemeszno became one of the main centers of national liberation movement in Greater Poland. The town's residents (including many students) were also involved in the January Uprising (1863). Trzemeszno's secondary school has traditions of participating in national liberation fights. In 1844, a secret society of students called “Sarmatia” formed and from 1861 the National Society “Zan” was active.

    In 1865, a Loan Bank (Kasa Pożyczkowa) and in 1874 an Industrial Society (Towarzystwo Przemysłowe) were founded in Trzemeszno. The later was significant for culture and education. Around 1880, a branch of Towarzystwo Czytelni Ludowych ("Society of Public Reading Rooms") and in 1894 the Gymnastic Society Sokół were founded.

    Opening a railway line in 1872 joining Trzemeszno with Poznań, Toruń and Inowrocław had contributed to the town's development.

    At the end of World War I, in the early days of the Greater Poland Uprising, the Polish residents of Trzemeszno took control of their town on December 29, 1918; the town become a part of newly reconstituted Poland in the following months. The first years in free Poland were good for developing trade and crafts. However the situation was complicated by inflation, unemployment and economical crisis. Despite these problems, cultural and educational life flourished. Many events were organized by local societies and organizations. There was a cinema, and in 1937 the local weekly newspaper “Kosynier” began to be published. Secondary school played an important role in local culture.

    In September 1939 the residents of Trzemeszno faced Nazi invasion. During the Nazi occupation, the town's name was changed to "Tremessen" again. Schools, libraries and the church were closed. However, terrorized residents did not remain passive. There was a secret military organization and a secret scout organization (Szare Szeregi).

    After 1945, residents of Trzemeszno faced many difficult tasks. "Citizen Committees" were responsible for restoring closed enterprises and community services. The greatest challenge was restoration of the basilica church and secondary school which had been burned down by retreating Nazi troops.

    Rapid development of Trzemeszno took place in the 1960s and 1970s. The largest enterprise, employing over 1000 people, was Pomorskie Zakłady Materiałów Izolacyjnych “Izopol” (factory producing insulation materials). “Izopol” played an important role as a financial supporter and developer of the town.

    In 1999, due to the administrative reform of Poland, Trzemeszno became a part of the Gniezno powiat and the Greater Poland Voivodeship.    Читать далее

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  • Pat SchultzPrussian-Poland TourПутешественник

    Royal Gnieznzo Cathedral

    16 сентября 2019 г., Польша ☁️ 59 °F

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gniezno_Cathedral

    The Royal Gniezno Cathedral (The Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Adalbert, Polish: Bazylika Archikatedralna Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Marii Panny i św. Wojciecha) is a Brick Gothic cathedral located in the historical city of Gniezno that served as the coronation place for several Polish monarchs and as the seat of Polish church officials continuously for nearly 1000 years. Throughout its long and tragic history, the building stayed mostly intact making it one of the oldest and most precious sacral monuments in Poland.

    The Cathedral is known for its twelfth-century (ca. 1175), two-winged bronze doors decorated with scenes of martyrdom of St. Adalbert of Prague and a silver relic coffin of that saint. The coffin was made by Peter von der Rennen of pure silver in 1662 after the previous one, established in 1623 by King Sigismund III Vasa himself, was robbed by the Swedes in 1655, during the Swedish invasion.

    The temple is one of Poland's national Historical Monuments (Pomnik historii), as designated on September 16, 1994 and tracked by the National Heritage Board of Poland.
    Early history
    The religious temple dates back to the end of the ninth century, when an oratory was built in the shape of a rectangular nave. At the end of the tenth century Duke Mieszko I of Poland built a new temple on a cruciform plan and remodeled the existing nave oratory. In the year 977 Duchess Dąbrówka, the wife of Mieszko I, was buried here. Before the arrival of St. Adalbert of Prague in Gniezno, Prince Bolesław I the Brave, later the first king of Poland, rebuilt the temple according to the plan of a rectangle, elevating it later to the rank of a Cathedral. In the year 999 the funeral of St. Adalbert took place and later also his canonization by Pope Sylvester II.

    In March 1000 Emperor Otto III came to Gniezno to pray at the tomb of now blessed St. Adalbert. He then called the Congress of Gniezno, where Polish Prince Bolesław I the Brave and the Emperor discussed plans to create a joint kingdom of Germany, France, Rome, England and Slavic States. He initiate the creation of the Archdiocese of Gniezno and the first metropolis church in Poland, subordinate only to the pope. The first appointed archbishop was Radzim Gaudenty. In 1018 a fire started in the temple and it took in seven years to repair the structure.

    In the year 1025 Bolesław the Brave was crowned as the first King of Poland in the Gniezno Cathedral. After his death Mieszko II Lambert succeeded to the throne. In 1038 Czech prince Bretislav I surrounded and conducted a siege of the city, destroying and robbing the borough and the precious treasures inside the cathedral. After a few years the temple was rebuilt in the Romanesque style and consecrated in 1064. Twelve years later King Bolesław II the Bold was crowned in Gniezno. At the end of the eleventh century the eastern part of the temple suddenly collapsed.    Читать далее

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  • Pat SchultzPrussian-Poland TourПутешественник

    Poznan State Archives

    17 сентября 2019 г., Польша ⛅ 55 °F

    We spent the morning at the Poznan State Archives where we were given a tour and had a chance to inspect some of the holdings.

    https://www.piasa.org/archivesinpoland/poznanap…

    The Archives were established in 1869.

    Archival holdings: historical records of public authorities: regional administration, churches, monasteries, self-government and justice institutions in Poznan and the Wielkopolska region. Also towns, guilds and villages historical records, industrial, financial corporations, private real estates records regarding political, cultural and economy history of region from the period of 1153 to the present. There are also vital records from this region, photographs and maps collections.

    Selected guides: Spis zespolow. Informator o zasobie archiwalnym Archiwum Panstwowego w Poznaniu, Oprac. J. Miedzianowska, Poznan, 1995.

    If you need more information contact the Archive.
    The Archive website is: http://www.poznan.ap.gov.pl/    Читать далее

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  • Pat SchultzPrussian-Poland TourПутешественник

    Poznan Fight Goats

    17 сентября 2019 г., Польша ⛅ 59 °F

    https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-fightin…

    A midday walk through the colorful market square of Poznań in western Poland means vibrantly painted buildings, bustling cafes, food stalls and vendors—and throngs of locals and tourists jostling for the best spot to watch a 465-year-old fight. It just happens to be between a couple of mechanical goats.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poznań_Town_Hall#…

    The goats and bugle call
    Main articles: Poznań Goats and Poznań Trumpet Call

    The mechanized goats, which butt heads daily at noon
    Today the mechanical goats' butting display is performed daily at noon, preceded by the striking of the clock and the playing of a traditional bugle call (hejnał). At other hours between 7 am and 9 pm the same call is played on a carillon, installed in the tower in 2003. The daily appearance of the goats is one of Poznań's best-known tourist attractions.

    Poznań hejnał
    A legend behind the original addition of the goats to the clock mechanism states that a cook, while preparing a banquet for the voivode and other dignitaries, had burnt a roast deer, and attempted to replace it by stealing two goats from a nearby meadow. The goats escaped and ran up the town hall tower, where they attracted the attention of the townspeople when they began to butt each other (according to some versions, this drew attention to a fire which might otherwise have done significant damage). Because of the entertainment provided, the voivode pardoned both the cook and the goats, and ordered that two mechanical goats be incorporated into the new clock being made for the building.

    Retired Koziołki in the Museum of History of Poznań City
    Another legend is associated with the hejnał. This says that Bolko, son of the tower's trumpeter, once took care of a crow whose wing had been shot through. The boy was then awoken at night by a gnome wearing a crown and purple cape, who thanked the boy for his kindness and handed him a small gold trumpet, telling him to blow it when in danger. After these words the gnome transformed into a crow and flew away. Years later, after Bolko had taken his father's place as trumpeter, when an attacking army was scaling Poznań's walls, Bolko remembered the present, ran to the top of the tower and began to play the trumpet. Dark clouds began to gather on the horizon, which turned out to be an enormous flock of crows that fell upon the attacking army and forced it to retreat. The trumpet was lost when Bolko dropped it in his astonishment, but the call which he played is still performed.    Читать далее

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  • Pat SchultzPrussian-Poland TourПутешественник

    Poznañ parish church

    17 сентября 2019 г., Польша ⛅ 59 °F

    http://www.fara.archpoznan.pl/fara

    The history of the Jesuit church dates back to the 16th century. In 1570, bishop Adam Konarski, encouraged by the Bishop of Warmia Stanisław Hozjusz (later a cardinal), brought Jesuits to Poznań and urged the city to give them a small church of St. Stanisław Bishop, founded by bishop Jan Lubrański for retired priests, two hospitals and a municipal school; he himself furnished the religious house with four villages. This confirmation was confirmed by King Henry of Valois in 1574, and a year later he was entered in the chapter files by rector of the college Jakub Wujek - translator of the first printed Bible in Poland. Over time, the church turned out to be too small for the needs of the order, it also required frequent repairs, hence the Jesuits decided to build a new, larger temple. In 1651 the cornerstone was laid. Initially, the work was led by Thomas Poncino de Goricia from Lugano - he was released when he cracked the part of the walls erected. After a 22-year break, caused by, among others "Swedish Deluge", in 1678 the work was undertaken by the newly appointed rector of the College Bartłomiej Nataniel Wąsowski, an architectural theorist. He used the existing foundations, used a light wooden vault over the 27-meter high nave. From the north, it closed the church, typical of Jesuit architecture, with a five-axis Il Gesu facade. wooden vault above the 27-meter high nave. From the north, it closed the church, typical of Jesuit architecture, with a five-axis Il Gesu facade. wooden vault above the 27-meter high nave. From the north, it closed the church, typical of Jesuit architecture, with a five-axis Il Gesu facade.Читать далее

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  • Pat SchultzPrussian-Poland TourПутешественник

    St. Antoni Padewski Church

    17 сентября 2019 г., Польша ⛅ 57 °F

    http://regionwielkopolska.pl/en/catalogue-of-at…

    This city on the Warta is the regional and voivodeship capital and the see of the Poznań archdiocese. It is an important point on the Piast Trail.

    The Conventual Franciscans came to Poland in 1644. As their arrival sparked protests from other orders, they did not commence building a new church until 1668. This and the adjoining monastery were erected according to a design by Jan Koński. The building was transferred to German Catholics after the order was suppressed by the Prussian authorities. The Franciscans returned in 1921 but the church was given back to German Catholics during WWII. It still has its original furnishings as a result of having been used continuously as a sacred building.

    The church has three naves and chapels on the aisle extensions. The Czech friars Adam Swach (painter), and his brother Antoni (sculptor and wood carver), are responsible for most of the furnishings. The main nave is dedicated to St. Antoni Padewski. The high altar features the 18th-century painting The Vision of St. Antony with two angels holding a reliquary containing St. Anthony’s tongue above it. The west (right) nave is dedicated to St. Francis and the east (left) to the Blessed Virgin Mary. The oldest quadratura (an illusory architectural representation) in Poland can be found on the vault at the intersection of the naves.

    The east chapel and altar were designed for the famous miraculous painting of the Blessed Virgin Mary Our Lady of Poznań (a 1668 copy of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Borek). The painting was officially pronounced miraculous in 1670 and has become an object of public veneration. The altar for it was made of coloured oak wood in 1688-1693. The painting itself is in the central part and is decorated in silver with stellar and rose themes alluding to the Morning Star and Mystic Rose of the Loretan Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The side panel portraits of Mary’s parents, St. Joachim and St. Anne, open out when the painting is unveiled. This rotates the twisted columns separating the fields of the altar. The painting is unveiled every day at 7:00 a.m. and covered after evening mass.

    The stalls in the presbytery are lavishly embellished with sculptured stairways (Antoni Swach) in the form of the dragon of sin.    Читать далее

  • Pat SchultzPrussian-Poland TourПутешественник

    Church of Our Lady in Summo

    17 сентября 2019 г., Польша ⛅ 57 °F

    https://www.poznan.pl/mim/turystyka/en/-,p,37,5…

    This late Gothic rectorial church was most probably built where the stronghold's chapel, erected around 965 by Mieszko I's wife, Dobrawa, used to stand. It was constructed between 1431-47. In the early 19th century the church was in such terrible condition that the Prussian authorities ordered it demolished. That fate was only avoided thanks to the efforts of Archbishop Leon Przyłuski, which lead to restoration of the church in the years 1859-62.
    The west gable, crowned with a small bell, is ornamented with pointed blank windows and small ornaments with floral motifs in stone. The side elevations are partitioned with decorative cover profiles, between which there are high pointed windows (walled up on the northern side). At the base of the structure one can see a rock with characteristic grooves. As the story goes, they were created by knights sharpening their swords on the rock, which was supposed to give them supernatural power. The high roof is covered with ridge tiles (monk and nun). The church is entered from the south through a pointed portal made of profiled, glazed bricks. A similar portal, only walled up, can be found in the north elevation. The three - nave bay has a Gothic stellar vaulting over the naves and over the chancel and the ambulatory a sail vaulting on supporting arches from 1727. The polychromy inside the church, the design of the stained glass windows and the altar were made by Wacław Taranczewski between 1954-56.    Читать далее

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  • Pat SchultzPrussian-Poland TourПутешественник

    Poznan Cathedral

    17 сентября 2019 г., Польша ⛅ 57 °F

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poznań_Cathedral

    The Archcathedral Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul in Poznań is one of the oldest churches in Poland and the oldest Polish cathedral, dating from the 10th century. It stands on the island of Ostrów Tumski north-east of the city centre.

    History
    The cathedral was originally built in the second half of the 10th century within the fortified settlement (gród) of Poznań, which stood on what is now called Ostrów Tumski ("Cathedral Island"). This was one of the main political centres in the early Polish state, and included a ducal palace (excavated by archaeologists since 1999, beneath the Church of the Virgin Mary which stands in front of the cathedral). The palace included a chapel, perhaps built for Dobrawa, Christian wife of Poland's first historical ruler, Mieszko I. Mieszko himself was baptised in 966, possibly at Poznań – this is regarded as a key event in the Christianization of Poland and consolidation of the state. The cathedral was built around this time; it was raised to the status of a cathedral in 968 when the first missionary bishop, Bishop Jordan, came to Poland.

    Saint Peter became the patron of the church because, as the first cathedral in the country, it had the right to have the same patron as St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. The pre-Romanesque church which was built at that time was about 48 meters in length. Remains of this building are still visible in the basements of today's basilica. The first church survived for about seventy years, until the period of the pagan reaction and the raid of the Bohemian duke Bretislav I (1034–1038). The cathedral was rebuilt in the Romanesque style, remains of which are visible in the southern tower.

    In the 14th and 15th centuries, the church was rebuilt in the Gothic style. At that time, a crown of chapels was added. A fire in 1622 did such serious damage that the cathedral needed a complete renovation, which was carried out in the Baroque style. Another major fire broke out in 1772 and the church was rebuilt in the Neo-Classical style. In 1821, Pope Pius VII raised the cathedral to the status of a Metropolitan Archcathedral and added the second patron - Saint Paul. The last of the great fires occurred on 15 February 1945, during the liberation of the city from the Germans. The damage was serious enough that the conservators decided to return to the Gothic style, using as a base medieval relics revealed by the fire. The cathedral was reopened on 29 June 1956. In 1962, Pope John XXIII gave the church the title of minor basilica.    Читать далее

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  • Pat SchultzPrussian-Poland TourПутешественник

    Wiejskie Jadło - dinner

    17 сентября 2019 г., Польша 🌧 50 °F

    https://www.inyourpocket.com/poznan/wiejskie-ja…

    Wiejskie Jadło is just what you expect from a Polish restaurant - a warm wooden interior, bustling staff, and a huge menu of hearty grub like bread with pickles and lard, bigos, gołąbki, potato pancakes, pierogi, regional duck, and more. We enjoyed the żurek (sour rye) soup and after gut-busting sausages, it's good we didn't have far to go - they're located just off the market square.Читать далее

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  • Pat SchultzPrussian-Poland TourПутешественник

    Raczyński Palace in Rogalin

    18 сентября 2019 г., Польша ☀️ 50 °F

    https://regionwielkopolska.pl/en/catalogue-of-a…

    ROGALIN

    Rogalin is situated on the right bank of the Warta in the Mosina administrative district of Poznań County some 20 km south of Poznań.

    First recorded in 1247 (as an endowment from Poznań Cathedral) it was a knightly manor from the end of the 13th C. Krzysztof Arciszewski, Admiral of the Dutch Fleet, General of the Royal Artillery under King Władysław IV and organiser of the Polish fleet, was born here in 1592. The Rogalin estate changed hands many times during the 17th century and the 1st half of the 18th. It was purchased by Kazimierz Raczyński, the future general governor of Wielkopolska, in 1768.

    It was he who built the baroque entre cour et jardin palace complex with a palace in the central part, a cour d’honneur in front of it and side annexes. His name is not known in architectural circles. The manor was erected in 1768-1776. The quarter-cylindrical galleries joining the annexes to the palace were added later. A regular French garden complex was laid at the rear of the palace. Part of the park was converted into a landscape park and extended to embrace the neighbouring Warta wetlands with their famous Rogalin oaks in the 19th century. These now form part of the Rogalin Landscape Park.

    The palace was erected on a rectangular plan. The centre part of the front elevation, which dominates the entirety, is crowned with a triangular pediment bearing the Raczyński (Nałęcz) coat of arms and the garden elevation has a semi-circular protruding terrace. The building has two storeys from the front and three from the garden side owing to the slope of the terrain. The entrance to the sala terrena on the ground floor is shaped like a sea grotto. The entire body is dominated by a cupolaed garret, the central part of which is crowned with a sculpture bearing the initials “KR” (from the founder Kazimierz Raczyński).

    The ground interior had private quarters and guestrooms while the top floor was mainly used for entertaining. A two-storey ballroom, accompanied by side salons, occupied the central part. The great dining hall was situated in the western corner of this level. The owners’ private apartments were in the eastern projection. The interior décor and the stucco and painting decorations were most likely the work of Jan Chrystian Kamsetzer.

    The Rogalin estate was inherited by Edward Raczyński, an eminent figure who devoted himself to serving Poznań and Wielkopolska. During his time, the ballroom was rearranged and converted into an arsenal, and several other works on the palace interior were carried out. A chapel and mausoleum, a copy of an ancient temple in Nimes, France, were also erected and the former palace chapel was converted into a library.
    Following Edward Raczyński’s tragic death in 1845, the Rogalin estate passed to his son and then his nephew, Edward Roger, who created the Rogalin painting collection. Edward Raczyński (1891-1993), politician, Polish ambassador to London and, as of 1979, President of the Republic of Poland in Exile, was the last owner. He established the Rogalin trust to bequeath the entire Raczyński estate in Poland to the National Museum in Poznań.    Читать далее

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  • Pat SchultzPrussian-Poland TourПутешественник

    Kórnik Castle

    18 сентября 2019 г., Польша ☀️ 57 °F

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kórnik_Castle

    Kórnik Castle (Polish: Zamek w Kórniku or Zamek Kórnicki) is a castle in the Polish town of Kórnik, which was constructed in the 14th century. The current neogothic design and remodeling was done in 1855 by the architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel for Tytus Działyński and the son Jan Kanty Działyński. After last member of Działyński family Jan Kanty Działyński's death, his brother-in-law Count Władysław Zamoyski received the castle in Jan's will. Shortly before his death in 1924, the childless count willed the castle, along with an extensive art collection and the Kórnik Arboretum to the Polish state.

    The castle currently houses a museum and the Kórnik Library. It's one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii), as designated July 11, 2011 and tracked by the National Heritage Board of Poland.

    Exterior of the castle
    The current look of the castle resembles Gothic Revival architecture, one of popular historicising styles in the 19th century. The main entrance to the castle is located at the northern side. Its characteristic feature is a four-centred arch at the top of the window above the entrance. Up until the interwar period the castle was entered through the so-called babiniec - a barbican-shaped chamber which was subsequently demolished in the years 1925-1939.

    The western side of the castle features an expanded terrace overlooking Lake Kórnik. The southern side is dominated by a chaitya arch, which was probably modelled on the Royal Pavilion in Brighton and indirectly on the Islamic architecture of India. On the eastern side, there is a Gothic Revival tower whose red brick façade clearly contrasts with the rest of the castle. The tower was erected during the remodelling of the castle by Tytus Działyński.

    Also near the entry to the Kórnik Castle, there are historic outbuildings and a carriage house.

    The castle is surrounded by Kórnik Arboretum founded by Count Tytus Działyński in the first half of the 19th century - the oldest and largest one in Poland as well as the fourth largest arboretum in Europe covering around 40 hectares and containing more than 3300 taxa of trees and shrubs.

    Interior of the castle
    The castle presently houses the Kórnik Library and a museum showcasing numerous unique objects including historic furniture, Ukraine and European paintings, sculptures, numismatic collections, military antiques, and porcelain and silver art objects. The most impressive chamber of the residence is the Moor Room, which was inspired by the Court of the Lions in Alhambra, Spain. It was initially indended for a library but later it became a museum room featuring national works of art. In the room below the tower, there are ethnographic and natural collections on display brought from Australia and Oceania by Count Władysław Zamoyski.    Читать далее

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  • Pat SchultzPrussian-Poland TourПутешественник

    The Castle in Szamotuły

    18 сентября 2019 г., Польша ☀️ 57 °F

    https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamek_w_Szamotułach

    The Castle in Szamotuły - is located in Szamotuły in the Greater Poland Voivodeship . The assumption includes the rebuilt castle together with the Halszka Tower and auxiliary buildings (outbuilding and pheasantry) located in the historic park . The foundations of Gothic towers from the beginning of the century have also been preserved. The 16th century. The first Wielkopolska printing house in history operating in the castle from 1551, publishing books in Polish and Czech .

    The first castle in Szamotuły was built in the second half of the 14th century probably by the castellan of Nakło in Sędziwoj Świdwa and located in the southern part of the city. Presumably it had the form of a regular, four-sided foundation with a castle house along one of the curtains, and its relics are stuck in the walls of the Holy Cross church [4] [5] . This castle was demolished in 1675, and a church and monastery were built here [2] [6] [7] . Fragments of a stone slab have survived, integrated into the church gate.

    The Szamotulski family ruling in Szamotuły consisted of two branches [2] . A representative of another branch, Dobrogost Świdwa-Szamotulski, decided to put up his castle in the northern part of the city, in the Gothic style [2] . The moat and wall surrounded the complex consisting of a residential building, towers and a separately located tower [2] [7] . In 1511, Łukasz II Górka became the owner of the castle after marrying Katarzyna Szamotulska. In 1518, he rebuilt the castle complex in the Renaissance style, and the tower today called the Halszka Tower was rebuilt for residential purposes . Another modernization took place in 1552, when the owner of the castle was the later voivode, Łukasz III Górka[2] . After the voivode's death, the castle passed into the hands of noble families and gradually fell into decline . In 1720 the residential part was renovated .

    In the nineteenth century, the castle was, among others owned by Frederick William IV of Prussia , the future king and princes of Sachsen-Coburg-Goth [2] . In 1869 a complete renovation was carried out, during which part of the original elements were removed [2] [7] [9] . The reconstruction in the historical shape and with the use of preserved Gothic fragments was carried out in 1976-1990 on the basis of detailed research [2] [10] . The building became the seat of the museum, which presents historic interiors, regional archaeological and ethnographic collections, and the history of the Górków family . Previously, only the tower was used as a museum .

    Castle complex
    The central part of the complex is the rebuilt castle, in the shape of the letter L [2] . Fragments of the moat and ramparts have been preserved in the surrounding historic park [11] . On the west side there is an 18th-century outbuilding and, in the vicinity of the pond, the Halszka Tower . On the opposite side is a pheasant house from the 19th century, the outbuilding reproduced in 1990 and the foundations of the towers from the 16th century.

    Halszka Tower
    Main article: Halszka Tower .
    One of the preserved towers is known as the Halszka Tower. The diminutive of Halszka was called princess Elżbieta Ostrogska , granddaughter of Zygmunt Stary, known for her beauty and wealth, immortalized in, among others on the painting by Jan Matejko [2] [12] . Halszka did not want to agree to an arranged marriage with Łukasz III Górka , but she was forcibly brought to Szamotuły and imprisoned there for 14 years in a tower, reportedly connected by an underground passage with the church [2] [12] . Elżbieta Ostrogska went insane and died shortly after her husband's death [2] [12] . According to legends, the spirit of Halszka returns to the tower .

    https://medievalheritage.eu/en/main-page/herita…    Читать далее

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  • Pat SchultzPrussian-Poland TourПутешественник

    Our Lady of Consolation & St. Stanislaus

    18 сентября 2019 г., Польша ☀️ 57 °F

    https://zabytek.pl/en/obiekty/szamotuly-kosciol…

    The Gothic parish church in Szamotuły is an example of a church from the first quarter of the 14th century, which was given its current form in the years 1513-1542 and is a three-nave basilica. The chancel, terminating in a straight arch, is the oldest part of the collegiate church which was awarded the title of a minor basilica in 2014. The church interior features cross-rib vaults. The church boasts impressive fittings, including a Gothic crucifix on a rood beam from 1370 or the late-Renaissance main altar from circa 1616. The Baroque side altar in the southern nave contains an icon of Our Lady of Kazan from the first half of the 17th century, venerated by the faithful as Our Lady of Consolation - Lady of Szamotuły. In addition, there is a late-Renaissance headstone of Jakub Rokossowski (who died in 1580) and a bronze tombstone of Andrzej Szamotulski, who died in 1511, created by Peter Vischer in Nuremberg.

    History

    Szamotuły obtained municipal rights in 1284. (?). The new settlement was created to the south-west of Old Szamotuły. The site was renovated in 1423 by way of a charter granted by Władysław Jagiełło to brothers Dobrogost and Wincenty Szamotulski. For several centuries, Szamotuły belonged to the Nałęcz-Szamotulski family. In the 15th century, walls were built around the town. In the same century, the town itself was also split between two lines of the Szamotulski family. One part of the family, bearing the name of Świdwa, owned the Poznańskie suburb, and the other owned the Wronieckie suburb, which in 1513 became property of the Górka family. It is here that an impressive residence was built, which has survived to this day and functions as a museum. The castle in the southern part of the town was demolished (at one point in time there used to be two castles in Szamotuły) and a monastery of the Reformers was created on its remains. In later centuries, Szamotuły was an important centre for religious dissenters.

    - the first mention of the church dates back to 1298

    - 1423 - construction of a collegiate church of St Stanislaus the Bishop, with the Świdwa-Szamotulski brothers providing the funds

    - by the end of the 15th century - two chapels were added to the existing church at the chancel, as well as the chapel of the Holy Trinity

    - 1513-1542 - the church underwent full-scale modification and was assigned its current function owing to the funds of Łukasz Górka; the chancel was narrowed and extended upwards; the main nave was narrowed, the chapels were modified, new pillars and inter-nave arcades as well as ceilings were constructed

    - 1569-1594 - the church was passed to religious dissenters

    - 1772 - the church was covered with a new roof

    - 1884-1890 - the interior was plastered, a porch was added on the southern side, the bell tower above the last western bay of the southern nave was removed.

    - 1949 - renovation of the church

    - 1979-1983 - a new sacristy was embedded in the northern nave on the eastern side.    Читать далее

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