• Happy Birthday surprise!

      Happy B'Day to Me

      4月11日, アメリカ ⋅ ☁️ 77 °F

      Mui surprised me with a birthday cake today!

      I'm not changing a decade or anything, but I am now officially qualified to receive a paycheck from Social Security. That makes it a special birthday!!

    • Sunrise & Snow

      3月19日, アメリカ ⋅ ☁️ 36 °F

      The morning after we returned from Antarctica — March 13 — we had a beautiful sunrise … from deep pinks and mauves, to pastel colors, to golden hues.

      [For those who are following the Antarctic trip … yes, I am still working my way through the thousands of photos I took so that I can complete my footprints.]

      There was more color in the sky the next morning, too. But on the horizon were clouds foretelling of a storm on its way. A few hours later, it was snowing. The white stuff moved out quickly … by nightfall, any accumulation was gone.

      The cycle repeated. And then came the bombogenesis on the 18th … an unexpected snow storm … with no warning … raging through the night. No idea how much snow really fell in our area. With the winds gusting up to 60 mph, the dry snow was blown about hither and yon all night. I’m not sure if the storm fit the true definition of a bombogenesis, but it sure felt like a snow-bomb had exploded!

      The rest of the week is forecasted to have seasonal weather. We shall see.
      もっと詳しく

    • Our ship in the ice as our zodiac arrives to check out some emperor penguins — eastern Weddel Sea.
      Emperor penguins rafting on an ice floe in the pack ice — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Emperor penguins rafting on an ice floe in the pack ice — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Nice and fat ... in preparation for the breeding season — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Zodiac cruising in the pack ice — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.A section of grease ice in the pack ice — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Ice floe ... landing a la Shackleton — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Laying claim to an ice floe in the pack ice — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Tennessee is our historian ... find Erin & Mui (twice) — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Emperor penguins joining us to lay claim on our ice floe — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.To ensure the emperors had open escape routes, we all lined up to one side.Photo op with the Emperor Penguins that came to check us out — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Time to go cruising again — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Snow petrel — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Snow petrel — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Crabeater seal sleeping on an ice floe — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Have to get through this ice to see the Adélie penguins — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Zodiac cruising in the pack ice — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Our destination ... Adélie penguins molting on an ice floe — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Adélie penguins molting on an ice floe — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Adélie penguins molting on an ice floe — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica."The zodiacs are coming, the zodiacs are coming" — eastern Weddell Sea; Antarctica.

      RWSE Day 22: Ice Cruising & Floe Landing

      3月4日, Southern Ocean ⋅ ☁️ 28 °F

      While we were enjoying breakfast, the deck crew was busy preparing the zodiacs for a pack ice cruise … with a landing halfway through that came as a total surprise … on an ice floe no less.

      With Ortelius surrounded by a belt of ice, our little rubber boat followed leads to get us into a band of open water. Spotting emperor penguins on several floes, Matilda drove us to one on which several of them were rafting. With the nose of the zodiac pushed up against the floe, and Matilda occasionally using her thrusters to keep us in position, the penguins were exceptionally tolerant of our presence.

      The emperors were pristine. Having completed their annual molt, they were busy preening their shiny coat of new feathers. They also looked to be well fed. We were especially happy to observe this as it won’t be long now before they start making their long treks — up to a 100 miles over the ice in some instances — to begin the next breeding cycle at the colonies they will be forming on the fast sea ice.

      At one point, we noticed that a group of people were on an ice floe with an Antarctic flag fluttering in the wind. There was quite a bit of ice between us and the people on the floe so we could not get a clear glimpse of the zodiacs that had been hauled up onto the floe. Considering our proximity to the Peninsula, at first I thought they were passengers from another vessel. But no such ship was anywhere in the vicinity … just our trusty Ortelius. It was then that we realized that we’d be making a surprise landing on an ice floe!

      As the passengers already on the floe departed, others took their place. Eventually it was our turn. Revving the engine, Matilda sped towards the floe and got the zodiac’s nose up and over the edge of the ice. With the expedition team members pulling hard on the ropes, we were instructed to slide our way along the pontoons to disembark onto the ice. Can’t say that we did so gracefully, but we managed. Once everyone was off, the zodiac was hauled onto the ice as well to keep it safe. This had the added advantage that the engine could be turned off for a more serene experience.

      After stretching our legs with a short stroll on the floe, we joined Tennessee. He gave us perspective on our landing by comparing it to the experience Shackleton and his men had to endure after their ship sank. Of course, they were on their floe much longer than we would be today … living on the melting and cracking ice-raft until it became untenable … hoping the currents would carry them north out of the Weddell Sea and closer to land.

      We were taking photos of the scenery when two emperor penguins popped up out of the water and joined us on our ice floe. Soon there were three of them. Their curiosity had gotten the better of them and they had come to check us out. They gave us some delightful photo ops as they waddled around … including one with the flag.

      After a little more than an hour on the floe, we bid our penguin buddies adieu and got back in our zodiac. Soon we were deeper into the fast-drift of ice floes, following narrow leads and pushing ice away to get into some of the tighter spots.

      Our destination was a group of Adélie penguins molting on a floe that they were using as a raft. Paired up as we were with Allan and his zodiac group for safety, both drivers kept an eye on the movement of the ice, advising each other of open leads, and making sure there was a way out in case of an emergency. At one point, I thought we would have to give up on the Adélie encounter as the leads were getting progressively tighter. But the brute force of the zodiacs and the ice-driving experience of our drivers allowed us to persevere.

      Unlike the emperors we had encountered throughout the morning, most of the Adélie’s were still in the midst of their annual molt. During the molt, penguins are not waterproof. Allan, in the zodiac next to ours, estimated that for some of the penguins we were viewing their ice-raft would be home for another two-three weeks. In the meantime, they would have to fast since they would be unable to feed. Those still molting sported some interesting ‘hair’ styles … mohawks were most prominent; some had natural ‘ear muffs’! Waddling penguins are often funny and make one smile … this group was especially cute. Curious, too … they approached the edge of their raft or walked up tiny hill-like humps to get a better view of us.

      Difficult though it was, after about 30 minutes we left the Adélies to begin the journey back through the ice to Ortelius. Along the way, we stopped for photo ops with a snow petrel and a crabeater seal, and detoured to check out some of the bergy bits floating by on the currents. We got back to Ortelius to find it sitting in the midst of more ice than there had been when we left it shortly after 9:00a. With floes constantly drifting by, it was a bit more challenging to off-load the zodiac as the gangway had to be pulled up periodically to avoid ice-damage. Nonetheless, the ship’s crew and expedition team had plenty of experience and seamlessly managed the process.

      An incredible morning. Incredible encounters and experiences.

      And our day wasn’t even over yet.
      もっと詳しく

    • Colorful sunrise in the eastern Weddell Sea — Antarctica.
      Emperor penguins preening on an ice floe — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Emperor penguins rafting by on an ice floe — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Emperor penguins on a morning walk on an ice floe — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Drowsy leopard seal 'smiling' at us from a passing ice floe — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Cruising in the pack ice — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.In addition to the emperor penguins, there is a seal in this photo — eastern Weddell Sea, AntarcticaA newly-forming ice floe in the pack ice — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Leopard seal ... curiously watching us as we cruise by — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Emperor penguins rafting by on an ice floe — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Can you find the emperor penguin? — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.A lone Adélie penguin checking us out — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Cruising in the pack ice — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Cruising in the pack ice — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Scenery through the hawse-hole at the bow of Ortelius — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.The small pans of pancake ice will eventually come together to form ice floes — eastern Weddell Sea.Cruising in the pack ice — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.Crabeater seal basking in the sunshine — eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.

      RWSE Day 22: In Pack Ice Again

      3月4日, Southern Ocean ⋅ 🌬 28 °F

      "Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world.” ~~ Albert Einstein ~~ (from the Daily Program)

      EL Sara had mentioned yesterday that we would be back in the pack ice again today … density ranging from close to open to very open drift ice … aka orange to yellow to green on the ice charts. Thus, it came as no surprise that we woke up to ice scraping against Ortelius’s hull … and occasional shudders and bumps as the ship pushed some of the bigger floes out of the way.

      No doubt that we have the bridge team and Ortelius’s strong hull to thank for today’s experiences … which consisted of two ship’s cruises, two zodiac cruises, an ice floe landing, and the largest group of emperor penguins of this voyage … all of which went a long ways towards making up for the four days it took us to get out of the deep south remote Weddell Sea and reach the eastern Weddell Sea. An excellent pick-me-up, if you will.

      Mui and I were already on deck — enjoying the colorful sunrise — when EL Sara made an earlier than usual wake up call … warranted by the penguins, leopard and Weddell seals, and minke whales that were present in the vicinity of the ship. She also advised that the published plan for the day would be thrown out the window … lectures and workshops would be postponed; perhaps even canceled. The new plan would be a loose one depending on what Mother Nature had in store for us.

      Mui and I remained on deck for a while yet after the announcement. I was intrigued by the ice through which Ortelius was cruising … some of which was obviously older and thicker. Other floes were newly formed pancake ice … some of it still clear. Thanks to dallying a bit on deck, we also caught sight of the lone crabeater seal basking in the sunshine.

      Up first … our pre-breakfast ship’s cruise through the pack ice.
      もっと詳しく

    • Ice on the inside of our cabin window ... it was quite cold overnight.
      Clara told us all about mate ... a cultural experience in Argentina.230 NM in that direction lies Endurance at the bottom of the Weddell Sea.Jens started his "Race to the South Pole" lecture with a little history.Comparing Scott's and Amundsen's ways for the race to the South Pole.Comparing Scott's (Cape Evans) & Amundsen's (Framheim) camps for the race to the South Pole.Map showing Amundsen's and Scott's chosen routes and depots for the race to the South Pole.The result of the race to the South Pole.Map showing the approximate locations of where Scott and his men died on the way back from the Pole.One of the icebergs spotted not far from the ship.One of the icebergs spotted not far from the ship.One of the icebergs spotted not far from the ship ... and more on the horizon.Title slide for today's daily recap.Today's chart shows that the Weddell Sea is once again freezing up around Berkner Island."Who tries the perpetrator of a crime in Antarctica?" Not easy to answer.Some of the crimes committed at Antarctic research stations.Yes, there is a bear in Antarctica ... you just need a microscope to see it!The water bear and science.A lovely sunset ends our day at sea.A closer look at the icebergs on the horizon at sunset.

      RWSE Day 21: North of the Circle

      3月3日, Southern Ocean ⋅ ☀️ 30 °F

      "I own myself one of those who do not fear the shore, for hardly any great things are done in a small ship by a man that does." ~~ Admiral Lord Nelson ~~ (from the Daily Program)

      Day 4 at sea. Ortelius has veered west now for a northwesterly route … following the ice edge that is too far for us to see.

      Around 10:00a, we crossed the Antarctic Circle. We’re still in Antarctic waters, however. About an hour after that, Tennessee announced that we were at our closest point — 230 NM away — from where Shackleton’s ship. Endurance, lies on the bottom of the Weddell Sea.

      We had sunshine and clear skies today … the wind blowing 20-30 knots … the sea state choppy … the temperature still in the low Fahrenheit (negative centigrade) range. Nonetheless, it was nice to sit out on deck on and off and let the sunshine perk us up.

      Our day was jam-packed with lectures and workshops … Clara, one of the dive guides, kicking things off with a cultural presentation about an Argentinian passion … “Mate.” She explained the significance of this much-loved hot beverage, and enlightened us about its history. She also told us about the ritual of properly preparing and sharing mate with friends and family … and explained that the most important aspect of the ritual is the sense of community it fosters. Her presentation wrapped up with a live-demonstration for those who wished to partake of what many consider Argentina’s national hot beverage.

      Later in the morning, Jens gave a lecture titled “A Race to the South Pole.” He used a comparison format to highlight the differences in the way Amundsen and Scott — and their teams — prepared for and executed the challenge of reaching the Pole first. Mui and I are quite familiar with the story. Each presentation we’ve attended about the race has been interesting … and thought provoking. Those familiar with the story will know that Amundsen was the first to reach the Pole; he returned safely back to his camp. Scott’s team reached the pole second; tragically all five members died on their way back to their camp. We’ve come away from each presentation strongly believing that the no-nonsense nature of Amundsen better-prepared him for the trek. Today’s presentation did not change our opinion, though many would disagree with us and firmly put themselves on Scott’s side.

      The usual workshops rounded out the day … with the addition of a new one by Dr Amar. He shared essential medical techniques for surviving in extremely cold environments. Given our own experiences in very low negative temperatures in the deep Weddell Sea region, his insights into hypothermia and frostbite were especially interesting.

      The pre-recap lecture did not follow the usual format. Instead, Chris shared with us some of the short videos he made while he was working at Scott Base. We appreciated seeing his perspective on life in the field and the challenges of working in such a remote and harsh environment. The videos were a good follow-up to his lecture on this topic a few days ago.

      Recap followed the usual format. EL Sara shared a chart showing our position in the Weddell Sea and gave us an update on the sea and weather state in the day’s ahead. She’s hopeful that we’ll be able go off-ship tomorrow. She also showed us the most recent ice chart, which indicates that the area around Berkner Island has frozen up … a lot of very densely packed drift ice … with the sea continuing to freeze with each passing hour.

      The first recap briefing this evening tried to answer the question, “Where are you tried if you commit a crime in Antarctica?” Well, that depends on where the crime is committed. There is no easy answer. If I understood correctly, in international waters, the flag state of the ship has jurisdiction. If the crime takes place within a country’s territorial waters or economic zone, the jurisdiction falls to that country … though the country of flag may come into play as well. When it comes to crimes committed at a research station, the perpetrator’s country has jurisdiction.

      Chloé wrapped up by telling us about the bear of Antarctica! And here you thought there were no bears in this part of the world. Well there are, and they are known as tardigrades … aka water bears (or moss piglets). They are about half a millimeter in length, and can be found everywhere around the world … including the Great White Continent. And get this … they were first described as far back as 1773! (More info at this Wikipedia link … https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tardigrade.

      “Happy Feet” was screened in the lounge after dinner … complete with popcorn. We’ve seen the movie many times, so we skipped it. Turns out our very own Dr Gary was a natural history advisor on the project.
      もっと詳しく

    • Volcanoes are not often associated with Antarctica.
      Antarctica map showing an overview of the areas with identified volcanoes.Antarctica's Mount Erebus — in the Ross Sea region — is the world's southernmost active volcano.Located in the South Shetlands, this active volcano is usually safe to visit.This is a basalt tuya ... a flat-topped volcano formed when lava erupted through the ice sheet.We did some laundry during our downtime this afternoon.A fascinating voyage aboard Kapitan Khlebnikov, a Russian ice breaker.The route Kapitan Khlebnikov followed.Kapitan Khlebnikov in the ice.Surprisingly, we got further south in Ortelius in 2025.In sight of the Brunt Ice Shelf ... which we cruised along on Ortelius.Now that's cold!Title slide from today's daily recap.Our route as we continue north through the Weddell Sea.Poster for the Metallica Concert.Early breakup of the sea ice devastated four emperor penguin colonies in the circled area.Chart showing the decline of the sea ice extent.Drushnaya I — a Russian research station — floated off when A23 broke off from the ice shelf.Cruising into the Antarctic darkness.

      RWSE Day 20: Continuing North

      3月2日, Southern Ocean ⋅ 🌬 14 °F

      “Half the fascination an Antarctic expedition possesses is to be found in the sharpness of the contrasts experienced during its course, for it appears to be true that a hell one day is liable to make a heaven the next.” ~~ Raymond Priestley ~~ (from the Daily Guide)

      Another weather-wise dull, cold day as we make our way north towards the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. The daily program says that we are following the ice edge, but we are so far from it that there is nothing but open water around us. Every once in a while we come across some rotten ice bands … or some bergs on the horizon. But they are few and far between, and don’t slow us down much.

      The temperature when Mui went up to the bridge around 6:30a was 11F (-11.9C) … without the windchill. I’m not sure how much it warmed up through the day, Regardless, without the sun to mitigate the chill and the dullness of the skies, I did not venture out.

      After breakfast, Mui and I attended Matilda’s “Volcanoes in Antarctica” lecture. She started out by saying that volcanoes are not something we think about in connection with the Great White Continent. She is right. Sure, there is Mount Erebus and Deception Island — both of which are still active — and Brown Bluff. But they are not the landmarks that first come to mind with regards to the continent. A recent study in the western half of Antarctica found 138 volcanoes … 91 of which were not previously known. Hidden beneath ice that can be miles thick, volcanoes here are not easy to spot. Who knows how many more there are that, like Brown Bluff, aren’t in the conical shape that typically identifies a volcano … and how many more are in the areas not covered by the study.

      The usual workshops followed the lecture … and a new one on first aid led by Dr Amar. Chloé presented a lecture entitled “Drifting Life (Part II) … The Life and Legacy of Krill: Guardians of Antarctic Biodiversity.” Interesting, I am sure, but not my cup of tea.

      We did go to Allan’s afternoon presentation about an early season icebreaker voyage to the Weddell Sea that captured our attention. This was an expedition aboard Kapitan Khlebnikov, the ice breaker that was once operated in remote Antarctica by Quark. Unfortunately, the vessel retired from these waters in 2012, so we won’t have a chance to do a KK expedition.

      The expedition that was the topic of Allan’s presentation took in five emperor penguin colonies and visited two research stations. Allan’s a great storyteller and painted a fascinating picture of the whole experience. It was funny to see Bob Headland in one of the photos … the historian on our 2014 North Pole expedition aboard the nuclear-powered 50 Let Pobedy. What I found particularly interesting is that KK did not get as far south as we got this year.

      At today’s recap, EL Sara disabused everyone of the rumor that we are heading to Snow Hill Island. Apparently that is what is showing as Ortelius’s destination on various apps and sites. It is simply impossible to get there, however … too much densely packed ice to negotiate. The bottom line for the moment is that if there is to be any off-ship activity in the near future, it might happen on 4 March.

      EL Sara then shared a video about the 2013 Metallica concert near Carlini Station on King George Island in the South Shetlands. Ortelius apparently gave the band a ride because the owner of Oceanwide Expeditions is very much a Metallica fan.

      Gary then talked about how sea ice breakouts are impacting emperor penguin colonies. Of the 54 colonies with 254,500 breeding pairs, four were devastated in November 2022 due to record low sea ice that persisted throughout the year. These four colonies, all in the Bellingshausen Sea area, experienced total breeding failure when the sea ice on which the colonies were located broke up before the chicks had fledged. (More info for anyone interested at https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-023-00927-x.)

      Tennessee followed with a tidbit about research stations around Berkner Island … and how Filchner Station had to be relocated when the section of the Ronne Ice Shelf that it was situated on broke off, carrying the station with it. Another station — Druzhnaya I — floated off in 1986 when a section of the Filchner Ice Shelf broke off. The station personnel were evacuated by air in 1987. The berg that resulted from this calving is the infamous A23a, which has now run aground off South Georgia Island.

      Dinner with our Dutch and Swiss friends … and then early to bed.
      もっと詳しく

    • RWSE Day 19: Continuing North

      3月1日, Weddell Sea ⋅ 🌬 27 °F

      “But who wants to be foretold the weather? It is bad enough when it comes, without our having the misery of knowing about it beforehand.” ~~ Jerome K. Jerome ~~ (from the Daily Program)

      I took a sick day today!

      Or perhaps a better description might be a mental-health day! Going to bed with a sore throat last night, I was feeling just a bit off this morning. The cold symptoms that I was expecting never eventuated, but I was dragging. So, I gave myself the day off. At least until this afternoon. It was an unpleasant day anyway … 27F (-3C) … with the wind blowing at 50 knots for a feels-like temp of 6F (-14C) … and some snow.

      It was neither EL Sara nor Tennessee who came on the P/A with the daily wake up announcement today. Rather, we were ‘sung awake’ by Caroline, one of the passengers, who adapted the tune of “Good Morning” to fit our situation.

      We were at 73.2° S this morning, continuing north towards the Antarctic Circle, but we are still several days away from that milestone. Ortelius pretty much ‘danced’ its way to our current position. There was some rotten ice at times; some bergs, but mostly open water. That changed around 11:00a. We found ourselves amidst heavier ice cover. By noon our speed was reduced to 3.2 knots … the bridge team carefully navigating us through the ice belt that is starting to close up access into the Weddell Sea. Once we got out of the ice around 1:00p, we sped up again, and for a while the sun broke through the overcast, but that didn’t last long. Fog set in soon enough and was intermittent much of the day.

      While I was resting, life aboard the ship followed the planned schedule. There were morning lectures — “Working at an Argentinian Antarctic Station” by Clara; “Marine Threats” by EL Sara. Workshops filled up much of the early afternoon — video editing by Claudio; crevasse rescue by Phil and Clara; a helicopter demo by Chief Engineer Mario in the hangar.

      I emerged from my ‘cave’ just before 4:00p for Gary’s afternoon lecture on “Sea Ice: Formation and Navigation.” As he said, while a straight line is usually the fastest way to navigate, that doesn’t apply in icy waters. The fastest way through the ice is around it … which is what we are doing. As though timed for the ending of an ice-related lecture, we had just finished clapping our appreciation for Gary when we spotted an amazing iceberg … parts of it clear and so deeply compressed that the blue looked more green than anything else. Mui managed to get a decent photo of it … too bad the light was so blah!

      Recap followed the berg sighting. In addition to sharing with us the navigation chart showing our location above the Antarctic Circle, EL Sara also shared Ortelius’s Weddell Sea track as recorded by the Vessel Finder app. It was particularly interesting to note that while we are all by ourselves in the Weddell Sea, that will change as we near the Antarctic Peninsula. The Windy chart still shows a big storm between us and the peninsula. Conditions look decent for our route tomorrow, but all bets are off after that.

      Our educational activities wrapped up with a few short recap briefings. 1 March being St David’s Day, Tennessee talked a bit about the patron saint of the Welsh and the Welsh connection to Antarctica. Who knew that the word penguin is a composite of the Welsh words “pen” and “gwyn” … which mean “white head” … in reference to the now-extinct Great Auk, which was considered the penguin of the north.

      Faith, who is the coordinator for the dive group was next. She talked about the “Sea Star Wasting Syndrome” which is causing die-offs of sea stars … particularly sunflower stars. She advised that if the divers have an opportunity to get in the water in the peninsula region, they will be looking to further document this syndrome.

      Chloe wrapped up with a presentation entitled “Cool Fish of Antarctica.” It was interesting to hear that while Antarctic waters make up 10% of the world’s oceans, only 1% of the fish fauna is found here, including the ice fish. The species in these waters have a freezing point of 27F (-2.7C) … vs other fish species which have a freezing point of 34F (-0.9C).

      We shared a table for dinner with our Dutch friends and afterwards skipped karaoke night in the lounge in lieu of an early night.
      もっと詳しく

    • Imperial TransAntarctic Expedition parties: Endurance in the Weddell Sea; SY Aurora in the Ross Sea.
      The possible routes for which the Ross Sea party laid supply depots.Aurora being visited by emperor penguins in the Ross Sea.The anchor that broke when the Aurora drifted off in the pack ice (below: my photo from 2015 trip).After the Aurora drifted off (below photos from our 2015 visit to the Cape Evans Hut).The inscription on the memorial cross was written on paper and left behind by the surviving men.Title slide from Chris's presentation.The Scott Base.The US McMurdo Station ... which shares logistical support with the Kiwi's Scott Base.Title slide for Claudio's presentation ... looking at climate change scientifically.Defining climate change vs weather.Greenhouse gases trap more heat in the atmosphere.One of several studies aimed at researching climate change.The collated data from research studying climate ... from 800,000 years ago to today.Our choices in the face of climate change. The answer to this question is still TBD.Title slide for today's recap.We are currently far off-shore from the Brunt Ice Shelf.Weather where we were and where we are.If not for all this fast ice, we would have continued west along the peninsula.

      RWSE Day 18: North Through the Weddell

      2月28日, Weddell Sea ⋅ ☁️ 28 °F

      “Difficulties are just things to overcome after all.” ~~ Sir Ernest Shackleton … from the heart of Antarctica ~~ (from the Daily Program)

      It got dark tonight! That’s an indication of how far north we have traveled from the southern latitudes where we were just yesterday.

      We had a quiet day at sea as we re-trace our route back out of the Weddell Sea. Overcast was like a pall over us … a sign of how we all felt about leaving the Great White Continent behind … at least the remote bits of it. No wildlife spotted by anyone other than a few really dedicated bird-watchers … someone said they saw seven birds in all.

      It was a day of lectures and indoor activities.

      First up was Tennessee … with part IV of his “Pray for Shackleton” series. The focus was on the Ross Sea Party (aboard the ship SY Aurora) … if not forgotten entirely, at least a seldom mentioned part of Shackleton’s Imperial TransAntarctic Expedition. This party was to be responsible for laying supply depots from the Ross Sea, on the opposite side of the continent from where Shackleton hoped to begin his TransAntarctic Expedition via the Weddell Sea. The depots were intended to sustain Shackleton, and the men accompanying him, on the second half of the march across the continent to the Ross Sea.

      The Ross Sea Party faced many challenges, including the ship breaking away from its anchor to drift offshore with the pack ice for nine months … leaving the 10-man shore party stranded on the continent. Despite the challenges, they did their job … one such depot-laying trip taking 198 days … the longest sledding journey at that time. Unfortunately, three of the men in the shore party died while they were stranded.

      The truly tragic part of the story of the Ross Sea Party is that they had no idea that while they were laying the depots, Shackleton’s dream — and the Endurance — had been crushed by the ice. There would be no Imperial TransAntarctic Expedition to take advantage of the life-saving supplies the party had struggled to lay. (More info here https://www.historyhit.com/tragic-story-ross-se… … or you can read a longer version in Wikipedia.)

      After a short break, Chris took the microphone for the second presentation of the morning. He told us about “Living at Scott Base” … not to be confused with the Amundsen-Scott Base at the South Pole. This one is located in sight of Scott’s Terra Nova hut in the Ross Sea … not far from the US McMurdo Station, with which the Kiwis share logistical support. Chris painted a realistic picture of life on base, disabusing us all of the notion that it is all fun and games … and close encounters with penguins and seals. I remember thinking — many many years ago — that I would like to work at a station in Antarctica. Now, in hindsight, nope … I don’t think so!

      Much of the early afternoon was taken up by workshops — crevasse rescue; navigation (which had to be canceled because there was no sun to take sightings). These workshops have become quite popular with the passengers, but there are others like us who use this time for R&R instead. The exciting and busy schedule of our days exploring the Weddell Sea have taken their toll … and with the adrenaline slowly dissipating, our bodies and minds are appreciating the down time.

      Around 4:00p, we headed up to the lounge for Claudio’s lecture … “Climate Change: Looking into the Problem Through Science.” And indeed that is what he did. No opinions. No trying to convert non-believers into believers. He simply shared information about scientific experiments and research — much of it being conducted in Antarctica — that all point to climate change being real … and clearly associated with human existence and activities. But humans have been around for ages. Why is their presence such a factor in climate change now? Two words … the Industrial Revolution … which, from the 1800s forward, has created conditions resulting in climate change leapfrogging like it never has before.

      Recap followed as usual an hour after the last lecture of the day. The map EL Sara shared shows that we are back along the Brunt Ice Shelf … but so far off the coast that we can’t see it. We are essentially following a route as clear of ice as possible so that we can make way quickly in order to have time to play once we get out of the Weddell Sea. The Windy chart she shared with us was an eye opener. There is a major storm system moving into the southernmost latitudes we were in and the ice is freezing up. We had a hint of that yesterday as we were leaving Berkner Island and saw the open water become grease and pancake ice as we made our way through it.

      Our timing could not have been better!
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    • RWSE Day 17: Liquid Gold!

      2月27日, Weddell Sea ⋅ ⛅ 16 °F

      We all agreed! If the ‘liquid gold’ phenomenon happened again, we wanted EL Sara to wake us up!

      She didn’t have to … wake us up, that is. The announcement came around 8:30p.

      Ortelius was making its way through barely-formed pancake ice, which the low-on-the-horizon sun was bathing in a golden hue. The gentle movement of the ice swaying on the water indeed looked like molten gold!

      What a way to bid farewell to the deep south of the Weddell Sea!
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    • Fog moving in on one side of the ship — Gould Bay, Antarctica.
      Fog moving in on one side of the ship — Gould Bay, Antarctica.Fog moving in on one side of the ship — Gould Bay, Antarctica.The last chopper ... ferrying the expedition team back to Ortelius from Berkner Island — Gould Bay.An amazing look at a tabular berg — Gould Bay, Antarctica.Reflections = Double the Pleasure — Gould Bay, Antarctica.Simply amazing! — Gould Bay, Antarctica.Gould Bay, Antarctica.Recap slide showing this morning's liquid gold — Antarctica.The star marks Berkner Island ... dotted line shows our route out of the deep Weddell Sea.

      RWSE Day 17: Bye Bye Gould Bay!

      2月27日, Weddell Sea ⋅ ☀️ 16 °F

      After our flight to Berkner Island, we grabbed some hot beverages and went up to the bridge deck.

      The sea state was changing even as Ortelius gently moved around to facilitate the last of the heli ops. While the water near us was flowing, the further you looked out, the more glassy it was becoming. Reflections of the icebergs on the glass-smooth, clear water were more pronounced. Each change in the ship’s position — no matter how slight — was bringing out a heretofore unnoticed details. I have so many photos of two of the icebergs that it’s going to be near-impossible to pick the best.

      The fog started moving in on one side, but the other side of the ship remained clear. As we were enjoying the changes, we heard that the zodiacs were being put in the water for the divers to go out for a dive. In the meantime, we’d be doing a ship’s cruise at a snail’s pace. My what a cruise that turned out to be!

      The daily recap was moved to 6:30p … by which time the divers were back … earlier than expected as the fog was setting in and conditions were no longer suitable for them to take to the water.

      EL Sara started off the recap by showing us a map of where we were and reviewed the plan for tomorrow. Essentially, we’ll be retracing our way back out of the Weddell Sea the way we came. It’s simply not possible to continue further west due to the big chunk of red on the ice charts indicating 10/10ths ice all the way to the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. I’d long ago given up on this part of the itinerary as that red area had not changed much since I looked at my first chart in January. Methinks we have several sea days ahead of us considering how far south we’ve dipped into the Weddell Sea.

      We wrapped up the recap with EL Sara promising to wake us up — no matter the time — should liquid gold put in an appearance!
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