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Sudan

A 10-day adventure by skip's retirement travel Read more
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  • Trip start
    December 30, 2021
  • skip's retirement travelSudanskip's retirement travel

    Museum at Jebel Barkal

    January 1, 2022 in Sudan ⋅ ☀️ 16 °C

    This museum houses artifacts from the region around Karima, mostly at Jebel Barkal (see another post). The 1st picture is just inside the front door and is of a ram carved as the Nubian representation of the principal God Amun-Ra. Missing is the stature of the pharaoh that was between the feet and below the head of the ram, showing that Amun-Ra protects the pharaoh who is also worshiped as the son of Amun-Ra. The 2nd picture is a series of terracotta jars of the traditional type that every home and other buildings has set outside. They are kept full of water for anyone passing by to drink.
    The 3rd picture is of 3 lions. The local god that predates the Egyptian incursion bringing Egyptian religion was a lion god.
    The 4th picture is a recreation of a Christian era grave with a naturally mummified body..
    The last picture is of the altar of a pharaoh found in a local temple. The engraved figures are of Hapi, the god of the Nile.    Read more

  • skip's retirement travelSudanskip's retirement travel

    Jebel Barkal, Karima, Sudan

    January 1, 2022 in Sudan ⋅ ☀️ 18 °C

    This is the ancient holy mountain of Nubia, Kush, and all the other names for ancient Sudan. It was believed that the ancient God Amun-Ra made his home here. As such, it is a significant holy site with numerous temples and tombs in the immediate vicinity.
    The 1st 2 pictures are of the mountain itself. Notice in the 2nd picture the natural pinnacle to the left. The ancients saw that as the cobra standing to protect Amun-Ra, as that was the cobra's role in the ancient mythology. That is also why there is a cobra depicted on the Egyptian crown, and there are 2 cobras on the Nubian crown
    The 3rd picture is the broken altar of the Nubian pharaoh Piankhe. His cartouche is at the left end. He is the Nubian pharaoh who conquered Egypt and established the 25th dynasty. It is located in the temple to Amun-Ra, the principle temple here.
    The 4th picture is the temple of Hathor that is excavated into the mountain. It is currently under restoration. The 2 columns are interesting in that they are shaped as the goddess Hathor.
    The 5th picture is a small Sufi shrine built with blocks of sandstone recycled from the older structures. This is something that happened regularly.
    The last picture is of Meroitic pyramids here. There were originally 40 of them at this site. There will be more posts about royal necropolises later. It turns out that there were more pyramids in Sudan than in Egypt, more than 200, I'm told.    Read more

  • skip's retirement travelSudanskip's retirement travel

    El Kurru

    January 1, 2022 in Sudan ⋅ ☀️ 24 °C

    El Kuru is one of the 4 royal necropolises of the Nubian kings/pharaohs. The Meroitic pyramids at Jebel Barkil is another of the 4 (see another post). The 1st 5 pictures are all in the tomb of the Nubian pharaoh, Tamuk Amun.
    The 1st picture is a painting of the pharaoh. The 2nd picture shows the 4 sons of the god Horus. The 3rd picture shows the procession to the ritual weighting of the pharaoh's heart to determine if he is fit to enter the afterlife.
    The 4th picture is after the pharaohs heart has been weighed, and he is proceeding to the afterlife.
    The 5th picture is of the sisters Isis and Nephtis assuring the pharaoh that they will take care of him. These paintings all depict the ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead.
    The last picture is of the mortuary temple at this necropolis.
    I note that this site has no pyramids like those near Jebel Barkil. They were here but the stones were reused for other purposes over the centuries. Pyramids like those at Jebel Barkil would have been placed over the tomb, and tombs like this would be under the pyramids.    Read more

  • skip's retirement travelSudanskip's retirement travel

    Gadar village

    January 2, 2022 in Sudan ⋅ ☀️ 19 °C

    Gadar is a traditional rural agricultural village of Sudan. They are animal herders (goats, mostly) and farmers cultivating dates, fava beans (a Sudanese staple), alfalfa and more. The pictures look around the village.
    The 1st picture is of a few of their goats. The 2nd picture looks at one of their homes. The 3rd picture looks along an irrigation canal that is fed from the Nile. The field in the background is fava beans. The 4th picture looks along one of the village roads showing a few of their date palms.
    The 5th picture looks across a central Compound. Note the stacked sacks to the rear. Those are sacks of dates.
    The last picture shows a traditional artisan weaving the support within a bed frame.    Read more

  • skip's retirement travelSudanskip's retirement travel

    Old Dongala

    January 2, 2022 in Sudan ⋅ ☀️ 22 °C

    Old Dongala dates to the 5th century CE built as a citadel and royal residence. This is the citadel that stopped the Muslim invasion and kept Nubia Christian until a king converted in the 13th century. The 1st picture is of the citadel wall that they couldn't overcome. Some of that is likely due to the Nubian archers who were famous in the ancient world. Many Egyptian tombs show Nubian archers in their decoration, and Land of Bows was an ancient name for this region.
    The 2nd and 3rd pictures are of the ruins of 2 of the many churches located here. The columns are the original granite. The floors are protected by replacing the sand.
    The 4th picture looks out from the citadel over the "suburbs" outside the wall. Many of these houses are said to have been large, suggesting wealthy nobles and merchants.
    The 5th picture is the Throne Hall, built on a rock outcrop east of the citadel in the 9th century. It is 2 stories with the throne room upstairs.
    The last picture looks over a graveyard from the Islamic period. Those structure are Sufi shrines/tombs. These date to the 17th century    Read more

  • skip's retirement travelSudanskip's retirement travel

    Karima, Sudan

    January 3, 2022 in Sudan ⋅ ☀️ 14 °C

    Karima is the city in the north of Sudan where Jebel Barkal (see another post) is located. The 1st picture is at the port on the River Nile. As you can see in the 1st picture, it is a small, informal river port where locals bring products to the market here in small boats. Products are loaded from the boats to donkey carts as in the 2nd picture. Those sacks are dates. The Sudanese are a warm, welcoming, fun loving people.
    The 3rd picture is the main market street looking from the high point at the river above the port. The market actually covers several blocks like this plus an area around the market where folks who don't not have shops set out their goods on the ground The 4th picture is an example of a seller and his stall.
    The 5th picture is taken from atop Jebel Barkal looking over the town. The last is the entrance to the compound of the Nubia Rest House, our hotel. Thus is typical Sudanese architecture. The door is made of acacia wood    Read more

  • skip's retirement travelSudanskip's retirement travel

    Nile cruise

    January 3, 2022 in Sudan ⋅ ☀️ 17 °C

    This boat ride was on the Nile at the 4th cataract. This stretch of the river diverts into numerous channels in such a way that water flows over rocks, making sections of the water surface navigable. Some of the pictures show examples where the water breaks over the rocks and rushes down to the next level. Others look at the river above those falls and in some, you can find side channels hidden in the background. The last picture is of the main channel of the Nile in this section.
    This is only a small portion of the area of the 4th cataract. Sudan has built a hydroelectric dam upstream from here, flooding part of the cataract.    Read more

  • skip's retirement travelSudanskip's retirement travel

    Nuri

    January 3, 2022 in Sudan ⋅ ☀️ 22 °C

    This is the 2nd royal necropolis (chronologically) of the Napata Kingdom whose capital was at modern Karima near Jebel Barkal (see another post) but moved to Meroe about the 3rd century BCE. These 2 cities we're important throughout the Napata/Meroe period. Jebel Barkal was the religious center while Meroe was the economic center of the kingdom. The capital was where the ruler was, and that changed over time.
    These are 3 pictures of the Nuri necropolis.    Read more

  • skip's retirement travelSudanskip's retirement travel

    Gazali Monastery

    January 4, 2022 in Sudan ⋅ ⛅ 14 °C

    Gazali (which means gazelle in Arabic) is a monastery begun around the end of the 7th century and was active for several centuries. Nubia was a Christian nation until as late as the 14th century as the fortress at Old Dungala (see another post) was not defeated by the Muslim armies. Conversion to Islam came through gradual assimilation of Arab migrants who intermarried with the locals and finally a king converted.
    The 1st picture is of the main gate. The 2nd picture is along the front wall and out into the Wadi Abudoun. At that time this wadi had a perennial stream. The monks were able to grow their crops near that stream out front of the monastery. The 3rd picture is of a tank not far from the main gate that may have been a baptistry.
    The 4th picture is the monastery church. The 5th picture is the refectory. Notice the circle. These were the seats where the monks sat in a circle around a central table. There are several of these eating arrangements here.
    The last picture was taken from part way up the remains of the bell tower and looks over a portion of the monastery. This was a complex of building housing many activities including smelting iron.    Read more

  • skip's retirement travelSudanskip's retirement travel

    Nomad family

    January 4, 2022 in Sudan ⋅ ☀️ 18 °C

    We were able to spend a little time visiting a family of nomads to see how they live. This extended family group is of the Manadir tribe, one of the 3 main tribes who roam the Bayuda Desert of Sudan. These families are animal herders. During the day, most adult animals are set free to forage. The young and pregnant are kept close. At night the flocks are brought in. The nomads mainly herd sheep, goats, donkeys, and camels or some combination thereof. In other parts of Sudan, cattle can be found.
    The 1st 2 pictures look at the compound and the structures they live in. These are stick structures that are well ventilated for the hot desert climate. The 3rd picture looks inside one of them. The 4th picture captures a few of the family members by one of their houses, and the last is of a few juvenile goats. (Too cute.)    Read more

  • skip's retirement travelSudanskip's retirement travel

    Desert Well

    January 4, 2022 in Sudan ⋅ ⛅ 26 °C

    Now for a few pictures from the Old Testament. Some things haven't changed much in 3,000 years and probably longer.
    The 1st.picture is of a stick built structure that holds the pulleys on which animal skin bags are dropped into the well on hand made leather ropes made from the skins of their slaughtered flocks.
    The 2nd picture shows a team of donkeys pulling the rope to lift the bay full of water.
    Once the skins reach the surface, one of the herders carries the bag to a small basin that drains into a watering pool. The 3rd picture is the herders pouring the water into the basin, and the 4th picture is one of the basins and drain pipe to the watering pool. They also fill jugs and small tanks for the herders to carry home.
    The 5th picture is a wide look at the congregated flocks and herders while the last looks out to another flock heading to the well. A few of the goats recognized where they were a ran ahead to get to the water.    Read more

  • skip's retirement travelSudanskip's retirement travel

    Meroe Necropolis

    January 5, 2022 in Sudan ⋅ ⛅ 19 °C

    This is the 4th royal necropolis of Nubia. (See other posts.) Chronologically, it was the 3rd one constructed (3rd to 1st century BCE). Here many of the pyramids are in ok condition except they have had their tops blown off by old time, pre-professional archaeologists (ok, grave robbers). A cache of royal jewelry was found in the top of one. So they dynamited the tops of the rest. Hence all the flat tops.
    The 1st picture is sunset over the pyramids, and the 2nd is a daylight picture of the site.
    As a recap, these tombs were built with a subterranean tomb chamber with the pyramid above. Also, each had a mortuary chapel on the east facing side to greet the sunrise. Only at this necropolis are the mortuary chapels present, mostly as reconstructions using the original stones and/or restorations making it clear what they looked like while at the same time preserving what they were able to find.
    The 2nd picture shows several of the mortuary temples across the site, while the 3rd looks more closely at one of the front of reconstruction/restorations.
    Several of the mortuary temples can be visited. The 3 remaining pictures show some of the carvings in those temples.    Read more

  • skip's retirement travelSudanskip's retirement travel

    Kabushia Market

    January 5, 2022 in Sudan ⋅ ☀️ 23 °C

    These are several pictures of another rural local market. This one is in a very small town with a population that is at least semi-nomadic. You'll see that this market is largely outdoors with many sellers bringing goods from the countryside to sell in temporary stalks or on carpets on the ground.
    This market has an animal market for sale of live animals in addition to the meat cutters, fruits and vegetables and a number of local crafts.    Read more

  • skip's retirement travelSudanskip's retirement travel

    Quarry, Meroe Necropolis

    January 5, 2022 in Sudan ⋅ ⛅ 28 °C

    Located adjacent to the Meroe necropolis, this otherwise unnamed quarry was the source for much of the sandstone used to construct the pyramids. The builders excavated into the cliff side so that the stone removed was less likely to fail due to cracking.
    The pictures show the entrance to the underground quarry and some of the chambers where stone was removed. They also knew how to leave pillars of natural stone to support the roof. In some cases, you can still see tool marks more the 2,000 years old.    Read more

  • skip's retirement travelSudanskip's retirement travel

    Naga

    January 6, 2022 in Sudan ⋅ ☀️ 21 °C

    Naga was an important trade center of the Meroe kingdom as it sits in a location on many trade routes. What remains today are 2 temples from that period. One is dedicated to the Lion god the other to Amun-Ra. The lion god is an African indigenous god who was the center of the worship life of the bulk of the population. Amun-Ra was the god of the elites.
    What is especially important here is the many cultural influences evident in the temples reflecting the many cultures that mixed here for trade. For example, one representation of the lion god at the lion temple in the first 3 pictures has 4 arms, reminiscent of India. The 1st picture is of the front building which has Roman design elements. The 2nd picture is the front of the temple, an Egyptian ate pylon with lions guarding the door. The 3rd picture inside the temple, even though it's hard to see, has a representation of Zeus, a Greek god.
    The Amun-Ra temple in the the rest of the pictures is approached through a ceremonial way bordered by sphinxes shown in the 4th picture. In this case the statues are rams which is the animal representation of Amun-Ra in Nubia. The 5th picture is one of the exterior walls showing both Egyptian and Nubian gods together with the king and queen. The last picture is part of a pylon with a carving of a serpent coming out of a lotus, and it has a lion head. This is a representation of the joining of the 2 kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt.    Read more

  • skip's retirement travelSudanskip's retirement travel

    Mussawarat

    January 6, 2022 in Sudan ⋅ ☀️ 26 °C

    Mussawarat is said to be the largest construction in the mid Nile valley. It is located away from any thing else. It appears to be a primarily religious site, though there is some evidence that animals may have been raised here, including elephants.
    The 1st picture looks at a portion of the largest temple here that has rows of columns similar to Greek temples. This temple is called the Elephant Temple due to all the elephants portrayed in the structure, one of which is shown in the 2nd picture.
    The 3rd picture is in another temple, this one dedicated to the indigenous Lion God, that has been restored, including the roof which I rarely see. This gives a sense of the lighting and what the temple environment was like.
    The last 2 pictures are of carvings of various gods and representations of the king and queen.    Read more

  • skip's retirement travelSudanskip's retirement travel

    Sudan miscellany

    January 7, 2022 in Sudan ⋅ ☀️ 29 °C

    These are some miscellaneous images from my time here. The 1st picture is of Grok Mountain. I'm told the sand here has a chemistry that makes this sand especially useful for electronics. The 2nd picture is another part of the desert with a different color, indicating that this sand contains other minerals. I'm told that Sudan is rich in a number of minerals.
    The 3rd pictures is in the dunes. This formation is new to me. It is essentially a hole in the sand. The winds have created a dune where there is sand all the way around the depression. Apparently, these are common here. My 1st thought was that maybe the wind worked like a whirlpool, but I never did learn how these are created.
    The 4th picture (which the shadow doesn't help, is of a gorge that is said to be far deeper than is visible due to the sand that has filled in. This is water erosion creating the canyon.
    The 5th picture is in the bottom of a wadi. The sand is deep and soft as this is where water flows during the rainy season.
    The last picture is a school built by the company I was with. The people here are semi nomadic. So providing an education was challenging. The school started as 2 rooms and has expanded to 2 buildings plus another school for older kids .    Read more

    Trip end
    January 8, 2022
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