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The Sydney Opera House, a UNESCO world heritage site exists because a few brave people dared to think differently and persevered. The building tested the limits of engineering, construction and design. It was designed by the Danish architect Jørn Utzon, and the famous sails have become a symbol of Sydney and modern Australia. The venue is used for many arts forms. The building takes up all of Bennelong Point and is next to the Sydney business district and Harbor Bridge.

The Sydney Opera House regularly hosts world-famous artists such as the Cure, Kraftwerk, Björk, the National, Patti Smith, Bob Dylan, and Massive Attack. In 1990, Nelson Mandela, after being released from prison, chose the Sydney Opera House as a location for his first major speech and addressed 40,000 people at the Monumental Steps outside the opera house.

Planning began in the late 1940s, and it took until 1954 when they first asked for design submissions. With 233 entries, from 32 countries the winner in 1957 was Danish architect Jørn Utzon. Utzon won an international design competition in 1957, and construction began soon after, but delays and cost overruns led to Utzon's forced resignation in 1966. An Australian team led by Peter Hall completed the project.

The original Fort Macquarie was demolished in 1958 and construction began in 1959. The Opera House was built in four stages: Stage I (1957–1959) was planning out the building; Stage II (1959–1963) consisted of building the upper podium; Stage III (1963–1967) the construction of the outer shells, based upon the image of whales breaching the water; Stage IV (1967–1973) interior design and construction.

A change of government in 1965, declared the project under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Works led to Utzon's resignation in 1966. Taken over by Peter Hall, who became largely responsible for the interior design.

The Opera House was formally completed in 1973, having cost $102 million (originally $7 million budget) and completion date of January 1963. Queen Elizabeth II officially opened the legendary building on October 20th, 1973, marking 16 years since Utzon's initial design was selected.

The Opera houses use of interlocking precast concrete shells covers the two main performance halls. Utzon’s design was inspired by natural elements, such as shells and sails, which reflect Sydney's coastal setting. He wanted the white roof to contrast against the deep blue of the Australian harbor and the clear sky. The shells were originally of undefined geometry, but, early in the design process, the "shells" were perceived as a series or parabolas supported by precast concrete ribs. From 1957 to 1963, the design team went through at least 12 iterations of the form of the shells trying to find an economically acceptable form before a workable solution was completed. In 1961, the design team found a solution to the problem: the shells all being created as sections from a sphere. This solution allows arches of varying length to be cast in a common mold, and several arch segments of common length to be placed adjacent to one another, to form a spherical section. They manufactured the 2400 precast ribs and 4000 roof panels in an on-site factory and developed the construction processes.

The shell roof is covered in more than a million tiles to create a chevron pattern, enhancing the appearance of curves and movement in the arched roof. Utzon’s vision for the opera house’s dynamic roof was a major factor in the project's delays. Architects and engineers had to devise a way to construct the arched roof while ensuring structural stability. The building covers 4.4 acres of land and is 600’ long and 394’ wide at its widest point. It is supported on 588 concrete piers sunk as much as 82’ below sea level. The highest roof point is the same height as that of a 22-story building. The roof is made of 2,194 pre-cast concrete sections, which weigh up to 15 tons each. Although the roof structures are commonly referred to as "shells", they are precast concrete panels supported by precast concrete ribs, and although the shells appear uniformly white from a distance, they are in a chevron pattern composed of 1,056,006 tiles in two colors: glossy white and matte cream.

Apart from the tile of the shells and the glass curtain walls of the foyer spaces, the building's exterior is mostly covered with aggregate panels composed of pink granite.

The building comprises multiple performance venues, which together host over 1,800 performances annually, attended by more than 1.4 million people and visited by more than 10 million a year. Performances are presented by numerous performing artists, with many resident companies such as Opera Australia, The Australian Ballet, the Sydney Theater Company and the Sydney Symphony Orchestra. The Concert Hall with 2,679 seats contains the Grand Organ, the largest mechanical tracker action organ in the world, with over 10,000 pipes. The Joan Sutherland Theatre has 1,507 seats There is also a theatre with 544 seats, a theatre with 398 seats, a studio with 280 seats, the Utzon Room and Yallamundi for parties and chamber music performances.

In the late 1990s, they resumed communication with Utzon to effect a reconciliation and to secure his involvement in future changes to the building. In 1999, he was appointed by the trust as a design consultant for future work. In April 2007, he proposed a major reconstruction of the Opera Theatre, Utzon died on 29 November 2008, having never returned to Australia to see the completed Opera House.Leggi altro