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    Panagia Elona Monastery

    14 ноября 2021 г., Греция ⋅ ⛅ 16 °C

    This cliff side monastery dates to the 14th century when shepherds are reported to have found an icon of Mary in a crevice. A church was built at the spot that developed into the monastery. The current buildings date to the early 19th century as the old monastery was destroyed during a late 18th century conflict.
    The monastery is located under an overhang and seems to literally hang from the cliff face. It is reached by a path cut into the cliff face from a parking area.
    The 1st picture is along the access path. Ahead, a roof of the monastery is visible. To the left, the road is visible hundred of meters straight down.
    The 2nd picture is the gate. The 3rd picture looks across a courtyard to the monastery church. The 4 and 5th pictures are in the church : the iconostasis and some of the ceiling frescos.
    The last picture looks down on the main monastery building with a glance at the cliff face.    Читать далее

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    Asine

    15 ноября 2021 г., Греция ⋅ 🌧 16 °C

    Asine is an ancient settlement on a rocky peninsula near Tolo. Human activity dates to the 4th millennium BCE, but the city was destroyed in revenge because they backed invaders who were repulsed. Most of what remains is later. However, there isn't much here as the site was occupied by Italian forces in world war 2, and much of what was left was repurposed. For those interested in world war 2, there is a small museum in a cave on the hillside.
    The 1st picture is probably the most recognizable spot here. These are ruins of a Roman era bath. The 2nd picture looks up to the acropolis from the lower town.
    Several spots on site have remains of presses used for processing harvests, probably fruit.
    In all fortified sites, water is always a concern. The 4th picture is the entrance to an ancient cistern partially carved out of the bedrock.
    The 5th picture outlines a house found in the lower town. And the last picture looks out over the natural harbor, one of the reasons this has been an attractive location to settle. Modern Tolo is to the right.    Читать далее

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    Midea

    15 ноября 2021 г., Греция ⋅ ☁️ 15 °C

    This is an ancient Mycenaean citadel dating to about 1500 BCE that was severely damaged by an earthquake in the 13th century BCE. Even so, it was considered the 3rd Mycenaean acropolis after Mycenae and Tiryns (see other posts). Whatever was left after the earthquake was destroyed when Argos overran the citadel in about the 5th century BCE.
    The citadel had 2 main sections: the acropolis at the top and the lower town. The 1st picture looks up from the lower town near the south gate to the acropolis. The 2nd picture is of the remains of the small postern gate, used for defensive sallies and for escapes. The 3rd and 4th pictures are the east and west gates respectively. These are both reached by long steep ramps under the walls, making an assault on the gates difficult.
    The last 2 pictures are in the lower town. The 5th picture is of a large, multi-room building near the south gate. It is the south gate that is used today. The original structure at the gate is gone. The last picture looks across the lower town, showing how this portion of the citadel was built on terraces.
    I didn't post anything from up on top of the acropolis as there is no longer anything there save a couple old basement structures just above the west gate. The very top is barren.    Читать далее

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    Nafplio

    15 ноября 2021 г., Греция ⋅ ☁️ 17 °C

    (N.B. I have seen the town called Nafplio and Nafplion. I have seen the former more often. So I choose to use this spelling.). And a shout out and thanks to Ginny DeMattei who is right about this place. It's lovely, even in gloomy weather.
    Human activity here goes back to prehistory, and this town has been significant in any number of conflicts over the centuries, including the Ottoman and Venetian conflicts. The 3 fortresses (see another post) here have played important roles in local history. In fact, Nafplio was the 1st capital of the Greek Republic after gaining independence from the Ottoman empire in the 19th century.
    Except for the 1st picture, all the rest are in the old town. For me, old towns are far more interesting than modern towns.
    The 1st picture is the waterfront adjacent to the old town and the modern port and marina.
    On the edge of the old town is this ancient olive tree in the 2nd picture. I'm told it's a symbol for Nafplio as this was planted in Panagia Square on the spot where St. Anastasios, the patron saint of the town, was martyred.
    The 3rd picture is in Constitution Square in the center of the old town. The building in the back is the archaeological museum. The building dates to 1713 and was built by the Venetians as a naval store.
    The 4th picture is adjacent to Constitution Square and looks at a former mosque from the Ottoman periods. It served as the 1st parliament building of the Greek Republic and today hosts functions.
    The last picture is in the church on the square. The decor here has much more gold and silver than in other local churches I've seen here    Читать далее

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    Nafplio Fortresses

    15 ноября 2021 г., Греция ⋅ ☁️ 18 °C

    There are 3 fortresses here: 1 in the bay and 2 overlooking the city. The 1st picture is of the fortress of Bourtzi, dating to 1473. It was built by the Venetians to protect the bay. It is reported to have a tower with a flamethrower. This fortress is closed and under renovation.
    The 2nd picture is the Fortress of Acronafplia. This is the oldest of the 3 with evidence of fortification at least as far back as the 4th century BCE. The castle had been modified and expanded over the centuries. The 3rd picture shows a bit of the Frankish construction of the 13th century.
    The 4th picture looks up the the Castle of Palamidi, by far the largest fortress here. It dates to the 17th century and was built by the Venetians. This is the major fortification. So the when the fortress is defeated, the ruling nation changes. The last 2 pictures are in Palamidi to give a sense of the size and strength of the place.    Читать далее

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    Mycenae

    16 ноября 2021 г., Греция ⋅ ☁️ 13 °C

    I had hoped to have a beer with Agamemnon, but the rumor is that he and friends are in Troy for a reunion. Ok. Enough silliness.
    This is the center of Mycenaean civilization. Human activity here dates to at least the 5th millennium BCE. But this place is best known as the heart of Mycenaean civilization which thrived more or less from the 16th to the 13th century BCE. There was a massive series of earthquakes in the 13th century that this culture and city didn't fully recover from.
    Homer tells us the the Greeks went to Troy from here. This is an important place in Greek history, perhaps even the first hint of a Greek state.
    The 1st picture looks up at the citadel: still impressive without the buildings. The 2nd picture is the main gate called the Lion Gate for the carving above the lintel. The 3rd picture is the north gate, sometimes considered a postern gate.
    The 4th picture looks over the summit of the acropolis. Nothing really remains. The last 2 pictures are some of the ruins as they are today.    Читать далее

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    Mycenaean Funerary Ruins

    16 ноября 2021 г., Греция ⋅ ☁️ 15 °C

    Much of what is reasonably in tact here are the remains of their burial practices. Perhaps because they are underground and more strongly supported against the earthquakes. Likewise, they are less likely to be broken down for reuse of the stone. Whatever the reason, they are, it seems to me, a significant part of what is to be seen here.
    Mycenaean burial practices are well represented in the Peloponnesian area as they were the dominant culture for a number of centuries (see Voudeni post). Given that, I'm choosing to post pictures of the more lavish tombs here.
    The 1st picture is the entrance to the Lion Tomb, as it's called, and the 2nd picture is the circular tomb past the door. It's hard to see, but this is a corbelled structure. The 3rd and 4th pictures are entryways to tombs called Tomb of Clytemnestra and tomb of Agamemnon (or Treasury of Atreas). The 5th picture shows the beehive construction in these 2 tombs.
    The last picture is one of the grave circles. These are deep circular structures within which a number of graves were located. You can also see the double ring of stones above the deep circle. I have not seen a discussion of these practices.    Читать далее

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    Tiryns

    16 ноября 2021 г., Греция ⋅ ☁️ 17 °C

    This is the 3rd of the 3 principal Mycenaean citadels (see posts for Midea and Mycenae). Of the 3, this is the one closest to the coast. It is also the one least restored.
    The 1st picture is a view of the citadel from the surrounding area. The 2nd picture is of the main gate that enters the lower citadel at the base of the cliff upon which the upper citadel sits.. The 3rd picture is the gate between the upper citadel and the lower citadel. The 4th picture looks across the upper citadel. The 5th picture is the south gate that accesses directly to the upper citadel through a narrow walled corridor that is well protected from above. The last picture looks across the lower citadel, taken from the upper citadel.Читать далее

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    The Temple of Asklepius at Epidauros

    17 ноября 2021 г., Греция ⋅ ⛅ 12 °C

    This is the main site dedicated to Asklepius, dating the the 4th century BCE. It was important enough at the time to rival Olympia and Delphi. This, like the other important sites has a main temple of the primary god worshipped plus a number of smaller temples to other gods. Add in all the supporting facilities, and this is a huge site.
    Asclepius is a god of healing, and people traveled great distances. They used water from the holy well (not the springs, see below), and then slept in the temple awaiting a healing dream from the god.
    Today, the site is probably best known for its theater in the 1st picture. Notice both the entry gate and the guys climbing the stairs. You can get a sense of scale of the place.
    The 2nd picture looks at the Temple of Asclepius itself. (The columns on the scaffolding are in the rear of the temple.) The 3rd picture is the stadium. Athletics and theater were generally part of most cultic practices in ancient Greece.
    The 4th picture is the ruins of one of the large buildings providing hospitality for pilgrims. The 5th picture is one of the fountains on site fed by a spring up the hill and piped into the temple area.
    The last picture is the inside of the small museum exhibiting archaeological finds from the site. Most are replicas as the originals are in Athens.    Читать далее

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    Corinth Canal

    17 ноября 2021 г., Греция ⋅ ⛅ 16 °C

    Another important fact of Corinth's history is the canal. The idea of a canal here goes back into antiquity. The 1st proposal build it came in the 7th century BCE, but the project failed and was abandoned. Instead the Diolkos was built as a stone paved portage road up and over the isthmus. Ships were towed from between the gulf of Corinth and the Saronic Gulf.
    After numerous starts and failures over the centuries, the canal was started in 1881 and finished in 1893. Even then, it still was difficult due to unstable rock, tidal currents in the canal, ship's wakes undermining the walls, etc. Given the navigation challenges and it's narrow width (a bit more than 21 meters at the waterline), the canal is mostly used for recreational boating.
    The 2 pictures are taken from the bridge at the top of the rock cut looking in opposite directions. The depth of the rock cut isn't clear, but it is more than 50 meters    Читать далее

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    Ancient Corinth

    17 ноября 2021 г., Греция ⋅ ⛅ 16 °C

    Corinth is an ancient and important city located about halfway between Athens and Sparta at the isthmus between mainland Greece and the Peloponnesian peninsula. Pottery found here has been dated to about 6500 BCE, but it remained a backwater until about the 8th century BCE which is when the city began to grow into a wealthy and advanced Greek city. However, the classical city was destroyed by Rome and sat deserted until refounded by Julius Caesar in 44BCE. It's this city with it's expansions and remodeling that we see today.
    It's likely that much of our familiarity with Corinth comes from the correspondence of St. Paul, along with Luke's recounting in Acts. I rarely post selfies, but I had to do this one. I'm standing on the Bema of the Roman forum where Paul was tried by the proconsul Gallio. Visible in the background is the Roman forum.
    The 2nd picture looks down from the forum level to the Lechaion Road, the main north-south road from the forum to the port on the Gulf of Corinth.
    The 3rd picture looks across the forum to the "northwest shops".
    The 4th picture looks along the Temple of Apollo from the front. The standing pillars are in the rear. The 5th picture is the Peirene Fountain as it was redone by the Romans. It was a water source for the city from antiquity.
    Greek cities of the period had a high city or acropolis that was the center of government and a fortress defending the city. Corinth is no exception and their acropolis is extraordinarily high. The last picture is the mountain with the acropolis on top. You can just make it out in silhouette.    Читать далее

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    Eleusis

    18 ноября 2021 г., Греция ⋅ ⛅ 16 °C

    Now in a suburb of Athens, this is the site of the Eleusinian (Elysian) Mysteries, aka Mysteries of Demeter and Kore (Persephone). And it is the birthplace of Aeschylus, author and father of Greek tragedy.
    Eleusis sits on a coastal hill opposite the Island of Salamis. This is where the naval battle took place at the same time as Thermopylae (see another post).
    The 1st picture is s large marble platform that left me a bit in awe of walking on 2,000 year old marble flooring. The 2nd picture is the well of the Fair Dances, said to be where Demeter rested during her search for Persephone.
    The 3rd picture is of the "Sacred House" that dates to the 8th century BCE and was dedicated to a hero ancestor. Around the 6th century, it was replaced by a smaller building that is thought to have housed priestesses of the temple to Demeter for centuries thereafter.
    The 4th picture is the Temple of Pluto, situated at the entrance of a cave, symbolic of Pluto's subterranean home.
    The 5th picture looks at part of the wall with one section (the round if you can tell) of the outside of a cistern.
    The last picture looks up to the acropolis. The only thing left is the chapel to Saint Zacharias with the bell tower wrapped in scaffolding at the top. This post-byzantine chapel is built on a portion of the 5th century church.    Читать далее

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    Byzantine Monastery of Daphni

    18 ноября 2021 г., Греция ⋅ ⛅ 16 °C

    Daphni is an 11th century monastery not far from downtown Athens and located along the Sacred Way: the road from Athens to Eleusis (see another post). The monastery was actually founded in the 6th century on the side of a former sanctuary of Apollo. The monastery fell into decline until the 11th and 12th centuries when it was restored and the octagonal church was built. It fell into decline again after it was sacked by Frankish raiders (crusaders) in the 13th century.
    This is another of the UNESCO sites considered masterpieces of Byzantine architecture (see Hostias Loukas post).
    The 1st picture is of the facade of the church, which is itself beautiful. The rest of the pictures are inside the octagonal, cross in square sanctuary. This place is known for its mosaics, especially from the glass and gold tesserae that seem to shine.
    This is not an active monastery, but it is an art and architecture treasure.    Читать далее

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    Roman Agora of Athens

    19 ноября 2021 г., Греция ⋅ ☁️ 13 °C

    The Roman agora was begun in the 1st century, reportedly with funds from Julius and Augustus Caesar, largely because, it seems, that once the Romans took over, their buildings began to encroach upon and even build upon the ancient agora.
    The 1st picture looks along the length of the agora. The 2nd picture looks in the same direction, but in this one you can see the rubble from the collapsed stoa and shops. In both pictures you can seen the Tower of the Winds in the background.
    This tower, also called the Horologion of Andronikos Kyrrhestes, is considered the world's 1st meteorological station. It is an octagonal tower that combines sundials, a water clock (driven by water from the Acropolis), and a wind vane. It may even be older than the agora. In the 3rd picture you can see the building and the round extension that held the mechanism for the water clock. In the 4th picture you can see the floor inside with all the holes and drains to support the mechanisms.
    The 5th picture is the Vespasianae, which I suspect Vespasian may not have appreciated. This is the public sanitary facilities in the agora.
    The last picture is not taken within the agora, but it is of the Fethiye Mosque from the Ottoman era that is located within the agora precincts off to the left of the Tower of the Winds in the 1st picture. It is currently used for cultural exhibitions.    Читать далее

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    Acropolis of Athens

    19 ноября 2021 г., Греция ⋅ ☁️ 14 °C

    What might just be called the crowning glory of Athens, the Acropolis is an ancient fortified hill with evidence of human activity dating to at least the 4th millennium BCE. However, what we see today dates to about the 5th century BCE and the building program of Pericles after the old Acropolis was destroyed by Persians.
    These pictures are all taken on the Sacred Rock, as it is sometimes called, except the 2nd picture which looks up at it from a distance.
    There is only one way to start a set of pictures of the Acropolis in my opinion, and that is with the Parthenon. This is the "new" temple of Athena, goddess of the city and one of the most recognizable buildings in the world.
    The 3rd picture is the Propylaea or entrance to the sacred site. This is taken from inside the Acropolis. The 4th picture is a small temple adjacent to the Propylaea called the Temple of Athena Nike. Built to honor Athena and Nike (goddess of victory), it asked for victory in the Peloponnesian Wars
    The 5th picture is the Erechtheion for (possibly) Poseidon and Athena. The picture is taken from the side with the unusual Maiden Porch with it's series of female statures holding up the roof.
    The last picture is an olive tree located where it is said Athena won the contest against Poseidon with her gift of the olive over Poseidon's gift of salt water. As the winner, she was chosen as goddess of the city.    Читать далее

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    South Slope of Acropolis Hill

    19 ноября 2021 г., Греция ⋅ ☁️ 14 °C

    Both the north and south skies of Acropolis Hill were developed, but the north slope was closed for construction during my visit.
    Being the sunny side of the hill, Athenians put their most important sites here. Most obvious is the principal shrine to Dionysus with it large amphitheater shown in the 1st picture. Also significant is the Asklepion or Sanctuary of Asklepios. Asklepios is the god of healing. So a location in the sun is no surprise. Also, the cleft behind the sanctuary held a sacred spring, providing water for the temple.
    The 3rd picture are various stele that have been found here and placed under a roof to protect them from further weathering.
    The 4th picture recalls that the south slope also contained commercial activity. This is the remains of one of several bronze foundries here.
    The 5th is a Byzantine era cistern.
    The last picture is originally the Choragic (in a cave) monument of Thrassylos. During the Christian era, this space was converted to a church dedicated to St. Mary of the Rocks.    Читать далее

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    Ancient Agora of Athens

    19 ноября 2021 г., Греция ⋅ ☁️ 16 °C

    This is the place where democracy came to be. The agora was the heart of the city where all activities--commercial, political, social, etc.--were centered.
    The 1st picture looks over the agora from the hill with the Temple of Hephaestus. In the distance on the far side of the agora is the restored Stoa of Attalos. The original had 42 spaces for shops on 2 levels. The 2nd picture is taken from the upper story looking back towards Hephaestus. Today there are museums on both levels of the stoa.
    The 3rd catches a lot of the ruins. The entrance to the Odeon of Agrippa is in the back.
    The 4th and 5th pictures look along the 2 levels of the restored stoa. You can get a sense of scale and see some of the artifacts recovered from the agora
    The last picture is tangentially related to the agora. This is Socrates (who did hang out here) and Confucius (who didn't) in conversation. I would love to see a transcript of such a conversation.    Читать далее

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    More Ancient Athens

    20 ноября 2021 г., Греция ⋅ 🌙 13 °C

    There is so much here to see that I've decided to gather together a few pictures of other historic places here. Some of what isn't here are the old market that goes for blocks, the many squares where people meet and fountains spray, the modern city and more.
    The 1st picture is the Arch of Hadrian that was apparently not built by Hadrian as so much else was, but seems to have been built to honor him on his 1st visit to Athens. It sits astride the ancient road from the center of Athens to the Olympieion with the temple of Zeus. The 2nd picture looks along the the field in front of what remains of the Temple of Zeus that at its largest, consisted of 104 columns that were 17 meters tall.
    The 3rd picture is of the remains of the Lyceum, the School of Aristotle. It is extraordinary to walk in the steps of a man who was considered so brilliant that he was consulted on most subjects for 18 centuries.
    The 4th picture is of the Kerameikos. It is the potter's quarter of the old city (notice the root for ceramics) and is located along the Sacred Way from Athens to Eleusis (see another post). Processions began here for the Eleusinian Mysteries and for the Panathenaic Festivals.
    The last 2 pictures are the Areopagus located between the ancient Agora and the Acropolis. This is the judicial hill where certain law courts were held. It is also presumably the place where the Apostle Paul preached. The 5th picture looks at the Areopagus from near the Acropolis' gate, and the 6th looks from the top of the Areopagus over the ancient agora.    Читать далее

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    Окончание поездки
    20 ноября 2021 г.