• Chuck Cook
  • Glenda Cook
apr. – mai 2022

Medriatic Sojourn

A few weeks cruising around the Mare Nostrum followed by a couple of weeks in Italy—what could be better! Les mer
  • Let’s Split

    25. april 2022, Kroatia ⋅ ⛅ 57 °F

    This morning we sailed into the beautiful Croatian city of Split. Croatia is a place of unbelievable beauty, and few places in the world can claim so rich a history. This is one of our favorite places in the world, and we are delighted to be back here again.Les mer

  • Salona

    25. april 2022, Kroatia ⋅ ⛅ 59 °F

    I had never heard of the ancient town of Salona, but its history and beauty make it remarkable. Greek traders recorded a settlement here around 600 BC. Residents called themselves the Dalmati, a word which means “shepherds” in the ancient Croatian language, and their central settlement was here. While evidence of it is still exists, it is overgrown with grass and vines and has not yet been fully excavated. When the Romans later occupied this place they gave it the name Dalmatia. The Roman emperor Diocletian was born here, and after serving in Rome, he returned here to his birthplace for his retirement. After the Romans, this place was occupied and enlarged by Christians in the fifth century. Ruins from both periods have been excavated and tourists are still free to walk around them, to touch the stones and even to climb upon them. A large Roman public bathhouse and a Christian basilica have been unearthed.

    The Croats came here in the sixth century AD and destroyed everything. Saracens attacked Salona in the eighth century, and with the passage of time, the activity moved from Salona to nearby island of Trogir and later to the city of Split. Salona was lost until excavations began in the early 20th century. My guess is that when the outside world discovers this area, such intimate contact will no longer be allowed. We feel privileged to be able to experience again the wonderful sights of this historic place.
    Les mer

  • Time Travel in Trogir

    25. april 2022, Kroatia ⋅ ☀️ 61 °F

    Croatia is amazing. Once in school I heard that there still were a few medieval buildings surviving in Dubrovnik. When I visited there, I found that the whole medieval town still lay intact within its walls. I had a similar experience today in the Croatian town of Trogir. Around 1000 A.D. residents built a town on a tiny island with a diameter of only three hundred meters. They surrounded it with a defensive wall which served them well until Napoleon destroyed it in the early nineteenth century. The town has never been attacked, and all of its medieval buildings are still intact. The local cathedral is named for Saint Lawrence, but as much attention is given to a well-loved bishop of the town known as Blessed John. Though never officially canonized, local parishioners attributed a number of miracles to this loving eleventh-century pastor. The church was an interesting mixture of Roman and Byzantine elements. Part of the nave was reconstructed in the 15th century and shows a distinct Baroque influence. Over its long history the church has incorporated several different styles, but remarkably they all seem to fit together wonderfully in this beautiful building.

    A quartet serenaded us with a typical local song in a style designated as “friends singing.” Although our guide gave us the Croatian name for it, I am unable to reproduce the word. My thumbs cannot type that many consecutive consonants.

    The Central town Square is built directly over the ancient Roman forum, and it, in turn, was built directly over the ancient Greek agora.

    We spent a delightful morning in this ancient town. Croatia is a place of unparalleled natural beauty. Added to that is the historical richness of the place. It is remarkable that so little attention has been paid to this part of the world. Its history is as rich as that of Greece or Rome, and the natural beauty of the Adriatic Sea here exceeds the beauty of the Mediterranean Riviera. For the time being, at least, Croatia, Serbia, and Montenegro have put aside their differences. Our hope is that the warring factions in this small part of the world can continue to live in peace.
    Les mer

  • Why Diocletian Retired Here

    25. april 2022, Kroatia ⋅ ☀️ 64 °F

    In the course of our excursion today our guide Sasha asked us if we knew why Diocletian retired here. There were several guesses: that Croatia has great natural beauty, that the Roman province of Dalmatia was rural and isolated, that the weather here is nice, and so on. But then she corrected these guesses and told us that the Roman emperor retired here because this had been his childhood home. Diocletian was born here and as an old man wanted to live his remaining days in this beautiful seaside sanctuary.

    Diocletian is not remembered fondly by history. He is called the enemy of the Christians because he carried out the most sustained persecution of the Christian Church. However, I can’t shake the idea that history is always written by the victors. The story of the losers isn’t remembered, or at least it is not told in a favorable light.

    Diocletian was followed by Constantine. He gets all the credit for first legalizing Christianity in 313 AD, and then for making it the official religion of the Roman Empire two years later. Yes, I know the story of his vision at the Milvian Bridge—“In hoc signo vinces.” But I also know that his mother Helena was a devout Christian and that her son was not baptized until he lay dying. I also know that successful politicians note which way the wind is blowing. By 315 AD one could see that the Christians’ endurance was winning many converts amid a moribund Roman religion riddled with cruelty and immorality. And Constantine, whatever else he may have been, was an astute politician. Even so, compared to Constantine’s beatific PR, Diocletian was a monster.

    But I wonder.

    As Diocletian lived out his days here, what thoughts did he have? Did he believe that he had merely attempted to preserve the civility of the old ways? Did he think that he had only sought to bring back the honor and dignity of Rome’s founding fathers? Did he believe that he had done his duty to preserve the integrity of society against an onslaught by a rabble of religious extremists?

    As I stood in the shadow of the home he built for his retirement, I wondered if there might be another side to the story we all learned at church and in school about Diocletian. Perhaps he was only doing what he thought was right. We can ridicule the cruelty of those who persecuted witches because we see them as fools. But this is because nowadays we don’t generally believe there are evil witches around every corner. But those people did, and they genuinely believed that serious measures must be brought against serious evil. Perhaps Diocletian thought serious measures were needed to combat these new ideas that he saw as a mortal threat to the empire. But then again, that’s not how Diocletian’s story is told. Because his side lost. And history is always written by the winners.
    Les mer

  • Over the Top

    26. april 2022, Kroatia ⋅ ⛅ 57 °F

    I know that the superlatives I have already used stretch language to the breaking point. However, as I looked out my window this morning and saw the red terra-cotta roofs of Dubrovnik I could not imagine a more beautiful scene. All of the buildings either or of medieval construction or else they appear to be. Many that were damaged in the war of the 1990s have been repaired to look exactly as they did before. So the impression one gets in looking at the beautiful town of Dubrovnik is that it is a complete medieval village that was built twenty years ago. We’re looking forward to a long walk around the medieval walls of the city. This is one of the few towns whose walls were left standing by Napoleon. If you ever have an opportunity to come here don’t pass it up.Les mer

  • Walking On the Walls

    26. april 2022, Kroatia ⋅ ⛅ 64 °F

    Our guide Antonia took us on a 2 mile walk along the top of the wall surrounding the medieval city of Dubrovnik. The sites were spectacular as she explained the development of this city as a commercial trading post. Throughout history Dubrovnik has been blessed with wise negotiators who achieved diplomatic solutions to many of the state’s problems. When the French came under Napoleon in the early 19th century, the citizens here knew that they could not resist. Therefore they surrendered and accepted French rule. The advantage was that Napoleon granted them a stable government and many improvements in health and education. He destroyed no buildings and left the city walls built in the 11th century completely intact. On the other hand in 1991 when neighbor Serbia attacked Dubrovnik, it was clear that military resistance was the only option. After walking around the city we took a tramway to the top of a mountain overlooking the town. We had lunch at the top of a scenic mountain and then visited the adjacent museum inside a two-hundred-year-old fortress. Fort Imperial was built by Napoleon, but it was used in 1995 by the Croatian military to defend the town against Serbian attacks. On a single day 19 citizens were killed and 60 were wounded by Serbian aggressors. Now Fort Imperial houses a museum with photographs and equipment from what this nation calls the Homeland War.

    After our foray on the mountain top, we returned to the streets of Dubrovnik. For an hour we simply walked around and hung out in the historic area. Completely surrounded by 11th and 12th century structures one can lose oneself in time. After exploring the streets and alleyways we reluctantly returned to the 21st-century and took the bus back to the ship.
    Les mer

  • Kotor: A Hidden Gem

    27. april 2022, Montenegro ⋅ ☀️ 68 °F

    Glenda has an unkind name for me which I shall not mention here. The name suggests that I fall in love with every town that I visit. That certainly is the case with Kotor, Montenegro. One advantage of being on a small ship is that we can dock in some of the more obscure ports on the Adriatic Sea. I don’t know that I had ever heard of Kotor, but today I saw another one of a most beautiful little 17th century village. After visiting here today I wonder why anyone would endure the expense and the crowds of some more popular Mediterranean destinations. Kotor does not have a large airport, and it does not have a harbor large enough for megaships. It is located at the very end of a maze of inlets that have protected the city since its inception in Roman times. One of the passages in the Verige Channel is only 250 yards wide, and in ancient times defenders would stretch a huge chain across that inlet to prevent enemy ships from entering here.

    Kotor has always been a seafaring town. It has made its living by producing traders who engaged in commerce with nations as far away as China and Scandinavia. The town boasts a wonderful Maritime museum that documents that enterprise. There have always been sailors here, and maritime businesses still predominate in the local economy.

    Unlike most of the cities on the Adriatic coast, Kotor has never been conquered. Because it is impregnable I would love to report that all of the old buildings from Greek and Roman times still survive. That is not the case however. The problem here is earthquakes. Huge mountains tumble vertically down into the Adriatic Sea. Frequent earthquakes mean that only buildings from the 17th century and later survive here. All of the towns nearby lie on a small apron of land at the base of spectacular mountains. Halfway up the side of one mountain overlooking the city sits a monastery known as our Lady of the Rock. An hour’s climb on a switchback stairway is needed to approach this little church. While the nation of Montenegro is predominantly Serbian orthodox, most of the people inside the city of Kotor are Roman Catholic. The patron saint of the city is St. Tryphon. On his feast day in early February everyone in town—Catholics, Orthodox and even Muslim Serbs—all come together to celebrate.

    Kotor has all of the beauty and attraction of any other small historic town on the Adriatic Sea without huge crowds of tourists. Its Venetian overlords left their art, architecture and culture, so that this little town has all of the charm of places that are much better known. Prices here are reasonable in this human sized town, and I could visit Kotor repeatedly without ever getting tired of it. It has not been discovered yet. I hope you will be able to come here before it is.
    Les mer

  • Corfu

    28. april 2022, Hellas ⋅ ☀️ 63 °F

    It’s easy to understand why Corfu became a playground for the rich and famous in the 19th and 20th centuries. For 400 years this place was under the control of the Venetians. Consequently, many of the buildings and streets look as though they were taken right out of Venice. In the first decade of the nineteenth century, Napoleon came here and added a French touch. Next Corfu became a British protectorate for some 50 years. The people of Corfu still have an annual celebration commemorating the day Corfu (Greeks call the island Kerkyra) was incorporated into the kingdom of Greece. Corfu is probably the most cosmopolitan of all the Greek islands.

    Life in this lovely resort town is relaxed. In the late nineteenth century, Corfu was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the playground of Empress Elizabeth of Austria. An unusually attractive woman, she was essentially abandoned by her playboy husband. Though they never divorced, they rarely saw each other except on official occasions. She built a palace here called the Achilleon reflecting her love of Achilles and Ancient Greek mythology. She came here to hide out. Beautiful, devoutly pious and perhaps somewhat vain, she often spent the first three hours of the day with her hairdresser arranging her five-foot-long tresses. Known by her friends as Sisi, her name gave rise to a vernacular insult. After Sisi anyone who showed excessively feminine characteristics might be called a “sissy”. Despite her beauty, wealth, power and prestige, she had a rather unhappy life. Her son and his mistress died in a murder-suicide pact at a hunting lodge in Germany in 1889. Sisi never overcame her grief. Empress Elizabeth herself was murdered in the turbulence leading up to World War I. During an official visit to Geneva, Switzerland in 1898 an assassin jumped out of a crowd and stabbed her in the chest.

    After World War I a revolution exiled the Greek royal family and declared Greece a republic. Among those expelled was one-year-old Prince Phillip. Less than a year had passed since he was born here on the kitchen table of the royal family’s vacation home on the south side of town. The house still stands, but it is now a private residence and does not offer tours. The Greek royal family became vagabonds, seeking refuge in the palaces of one royal cousin after another. His playboy father died and his mother took vows, became a nun and moved to a convent. Young Phillip made his way to England, then to Germany and Denmark (where he also held a title of nobility), and finally back to England. With the help of his influential uncle, Lord Mountbatten, Phillip was commissioned as an officer in the British Navy. Always his uncle’s protege, Phillip’s career ultimately led him to Buckingham Palace as the Queen’s consort.

    You can tour Sisi’s palace. It is still here, along with two others. Corfu also has two sixteenth-century fortresses you can visit. St. Spiridon is the patron saint of Corfu, and we attended the service in his Greek Orthodox church.

    The south end of this island is narrow and flat, barely rising above sea level. It’s most characteristic feature is Mouse Island with its tiny chapel. This charming little church is often chosen by brides as their wedding venue. The north part of the island is broad and mountainous. From its peaks one can see all of Kerkyra and over into the snow-capped mountains of Albania. There are beautiful monasteries and turbulent inlets that display the roaring power of the Adriatic surf. From the towering heights of the Palaiokastritsa, one can get an eagle-eye view of a heart-shaped lake where many young Greek men go to propose marriage to their brides.

    Life here is definitely relaxed and certainly beautiful, but perhaps we were spoiled by the clean beaches and sparkling streets of Croatia and Montenegro. Like other Greek cities Corfu seems to have more than its share of litter in its streets and graffiti on its walls. But if you can get past that, Corfu is a lovely place to spend some time.
    Les mer

  • Olympia—Home of Heroes

    29. april 2022, Hellas ⋅ ☁️ 68 °F

    The port of Katakolon is the doorstep to the Ancient Greek town of Olympia. Viking sky docked here today for our last full day of this Mediterranean Adriatic sojourn. A 40-minute bus ride took us to the ancient site of the first Olympic Games, whose recorded history goes back to the year 776 BC. Our guide showed us the site of the gymnasium, where boys from 10 to 15 years of age would engage in boxing, wrestling, and track and field events. There was also a race for girls aged 10-12 who, incidentally, wore white dresses as they ran. Nearby was the hippodrome. Only adult men could participate in the chariot races, though some of the most famous horse breeders in Olympic history were women.

    We saw the ruins of the Temple of Zeus where athletes were required to take an oath to perform honorably without cheating. For most events (but not all) boys and men competed nude. This was to insure that no participant was wearing any item of clothing (like Nike shoes) that would give him an unfair advantage. It was also to prevent any contestant from carry a small weapon that could be used against his opponents. Occasionally an athlete was convicted of misbehavior, such as bribing a judge, ingesting a forbidden substance, or attempting to poison an opponent. The disgraced athlete’s name, along with the names of their family and hometown were inscribed at the base of a statue of Zeus hurling a thunderbolt. This statue was placed in a “Hall of Shame” at the entrance to the stadium. At every Olympic competition thereafter, the crowds would note the names of the cheaters. They and their families would be practically ruined, and many chose to leave Greece after being so publicly embarrassed. Those who won honorably were given a crown of woven olive wreaths, free food for the rest of their lives, and their statue was placed in the hall of heroes. Additionally, for the rest of their lives in their hometown they would be treated as superstars.

    The games awarded a particular honor to the adult who won the 800 meter run. The stadium was 196.2 meters long. Contestants ran in a straight line, down and back, four times while wearing full armor and a full military pack. Their load weighed about 70 pounds. The winner was awarded not only the regular Olympic prizes, but also was allowed to serve as the commander of his hometown militia.

    The 45-foot high statue of Zeus was carved out of marble, ivory and gold by the noted sculptor Phidias, and was considered one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. He had completed a similar statue of Athena for the Parthenon in Athens. Shortly after finishing Athena, he was exiled from Athens and came to Olympia, vowing that his next statue would put the one in the Parthenon to shame. From all contemporary reports it did exactly that. He also completed a statue of Hermes, which was discovered at the site of Olympia by archaeologists on this site, and still exists today. It is housed in the excellent archaeological museum adjacent to the excavated site.

    The ancient Olympic Games ended around 394 A.D. when Roman emperor Theodosius I, a Christian, declared pagan festivals in to be illegal. Of course the modern Olympic games were revived in the early 20th century, but visiting Olympia, one cannot help imagining how it must have been in ancient times.
    Les mer

  • Athens to Rome

    30. april 2022, Hellas ⋅ ⛅ 63 °F

    Our ship docked at the port of Piraeus outside of Athens this morning. We had breakfast, packed up our cabin and now we’re waiting in the Explorers Lounge for our transfer at 11:45. We will go to the airport and try to get ticketed and checked by security. Then this afternoon around 4 pm we will board an airplane headed for Rome.Les mer

  • Buonjourno Roma

    30. april 2022, Italia ⋅ ☀️ 66 °F

    We landed at the Fiumicino Airport, got our luggage and found our driver Manny without a hitch. He was born in Rome and has lived here all his life. As he drove us to our hotel we discussed Roman history, the development of the Italian language and the world situation in general. What a great guy!

    He drove us to the Hotel Indigo St. George on Via Giulia, the same hotel we stayed at when we were on a tour of Italy with Uniworld River Cruises back in November of 2014. We popped up to the rooftop terrace to check in with Lisa Saint, our tour organizer, and then came back to the room to put things away.

    It was a good trip to Rome with no glitches. Now we will power down and get some rest before we walk the Roman streets tomorrow.
    Les mer

  • Glorious Sunday in the Piazza Navona

    1. mai 2022, Italia ⋅ ☁️ 57 °F

    Glenda and I shared a delicious breakfast here at the hotel early on this Sunday morning, and then started walking to the Piazza Navona. The air was cool. Church bells rang a joyous cacophony reminding everyone within miles that Christ is risen. We passed the open doorways of churches and overheard the sweet voices of nuns singing mysterious music, and we joined other tourists snapping photos in front of the large fountains. We had a good time here this morning in the Piazza Navona. We always do.
    This popular tourist site is usually filled with smiling visitors, diners in fashionable restaurants and happy vacationers sipping a cup of espresso. However the name of this place hints at its former purpose. Modern Italian makes it hard to realize what Piazza Navona was originally called.
    A clue to the original use of this site maybe found in the piazza’s shape. It is shaped like a hippodrome, a horse racing track. Chariot races could be held here. Another hint is on the street sign that marks it’s location. The street name carved in a granite plaque on the side of a building says, as one would expect, “Piazza Navona.” But in small type underneath it says, “Il Stadio di Domiziano,”—the Stadium of Domitian. Most of us remember this Roman Emperor as the ruthless persecutor of Christians. But his persecution of believers was just a part of his overall plan to keep the masses happy. We all know the cliché that the Roman Empire kept the rabble entertained with “bread and circuses.” There is some truth in this. Roman spectacular entertainment always had involved brutality. Christians actually were fed to lions. Gladiators actually did kill each other in front of huge crowds of spectators. However, by the time of Domitian, the normal bloodshed in the arena had become, well, normal. The crowds wanted more—more brutality, more bloodshed more terror. We see equally horrific things in movies today, but back then there were no special effects. So Domitian built a new stadium, staged larger, bloodier shows than any that Rome had ever seen. Hundreds of warriors fought against each other to guarantee that there would be enough gore to satisfy the crowds. Shiploads of animals fought against other animals. Thousands of the best trained athletes in the world came to this place for the last struggle of their lives. Domitian’s new stadium won the name “the Place of Agony,” or “Piazza Agona.”
    So now tourists sip espresso, kids munch their pizza and buskers blow bubbles—all at the Piazza Navona.
    Les mer

  • Home Run

    1. mai 2022, Italia ⋅ ⛅ 61 °F

    I did something today that I have wanted to do for a long time. Using the maps on my cell phone, I walked about 1 mile to the Ara Pacis, the temple of Augustan peace. This beautiful structure was carved in the time of Augustus to commemorate the Pax Romana, a period of about 200 years when Rome so dominated the world that no other nation dared resist. This marble monument has always been housed indoors, so it is pristine, lovely and unweathered. I particularly wanted to see it because the cover of my New Testament introduction book in seminary was a photograph of this monument. The part of the monument displayed in the picture on my book is called “The Procession.“ My luck ran a little short however because the museum itself was closed. Today is May 1, and the museum is closed only two days a year, today and Christmas day. Even so, I was able to photograph it through the building’s glass side.

    The other monument that I wanted to see is the mausoleum of the family of Augustus Caesar. This building was only discovered fairly recently and is still undergoing excavation and reconstruction. Scaffold and barriers were placed all around it to hide the ugly construction site, however, from the portico of the museum I was barely able to see over the barriers and grabbed a photograph of the structure. It was supposed to be open by now, but our guide tells me that it is still unfinished and will not be open for another couple of years.

    So I still expect good things to come. There may be a time when I return to Rome and I can see both of these monuments restored and in their full glory. Nevertheless, I found them by myself, and walked to them by myself—to the two main monuments in Rome that I wanted to see. I’m sure these two places are not on the hit parade of most other tourists here. And I know that in the guided tours we will take for the next two days we will see many of the more popular attractions of Rome such as the Pantheon, the Colosseum, and the Vatican—all beautiful and worthy sites. No guide would ever take his tour group to see these two obscure monuments. But they are the ones that I wanted to see on this trip, and today I bagged them both. I called that a definite home run.
    Les mer

  • Roman Holiday

    2. mai 2022, Italia ⋅ ☀️ 61 °F

    We began our morning by passing quickly by the monument to Giuseppe Mazzini, one of the two men who founded the Italian republic. Our first real treat came at the Circus Maximus, Rome’s entertainment capital before the construction of the Flavian Amphitheater. One circuit of the course covered one Roman mile, a distance just a wee bit shorter than our Anglo-Saxon mile. Every time I come to this place I’m always more interested in the palace overlooking the racetrack.

    Augustus built a palace here. It wasn’t exactly small, but it wasn’t nearly as large as some of the additions made by Tiberius, Nero and Titus, who followed him. Before Augustus, the ruler was his great-uncle Julius Caesar, who never was declared Emperor, but was a member of the First Triumvirate and essentially a dictator from 49 to 44 BC. As ruler he assumed the title of Pontifex Maximus, that is, the bridge or connection between the gods and men. As such he was required to live in the house reserved for the Pontifex Maximus located in the forum. Caesar’s family home, where he was born and which he never sold, was located in a slum. His grand-nephew Octavian (later titled “Augustus,”) succeeded him after a turbulent transition and actually did declare himself Emperor. So he got the palace.

    We next went to the Colosseum (actually called the Flavian Amphitheater), the Trevi Fountain and to the Church of Santa Maria del Popolo to see its two magnificent paintings by Caravaggio, “The Conversion of St. Paul,” and “The Crucifixion of St. Peter.”We grabbed a quick lunch at the Campo della Fiore and finished up at the Vatican Museums and the Sistine Chapel. (We were not allowed to take photos, so those included are borrowed from the web.) In the central panel the finger of God is about to touch an inert Adam with the gift of life. The divine Father is portrayed over the exact shape of a human brain holding all of God’s thoughts, which are momentarily to be created. His left arm surrounds Eve, whom he is about to present to Adam. Michaelangelo had seen a human brain. Many of the artists of the renaissance, including Leonardo da Vinci, broke church rules to dissect human cadavers. Only in this way could they learn how a human body really looks, inside and out.

    Unfortunately the queue to go into St. Peter’s Basilica stretched out into St. Peter’s Square. I doubt that half the people waiting to get in could do so by closing time.

    Still, it was a great day and as usual Rome gave us more beauty and history than one person could possibly absorb.
    Les mer

  • Vesuvius: Mountain of Spirits

    3. mai 2022, Italia ⋅ ⛅ 66 °F

    We have returned to the town of Pompeii at the foot of Mount Vesuvius. This is one of the most amazing places in the world because on an ordinary October day in 79 A.D. the mountain which had provided fertile soil, beautiful views and a rich source of income for this trading town suddenly erupted. This catastrophe caught the sleepy town completely by surprise. The mountain had erupted in the past, but the most recent activity had occurred 800 years before. Although there had been prehistoric settlements here thousands of years before, that eruption drove away the Greek traders who had settled here at that time. In 79 AD people had been living at this site for only 600 years. They had no idea that Vesuvius was anything more than an ordinary mountain.

    First came the blast that shot a plume of volcanic ash 120,000 feet into the stratosphere. The effluent was so large that the mountain made its own weather. A few people died from the shock of the heat, but the worst damage was yet to come. The eruption produced lightning and a thunderstorm that caught the volcanic ash and dropped it in hot, muddy raindrops on everything below. A muddy fog was inhaled by every breathing creature. Where the heated raindrops fell they thickened and eventually hardened, encasing everyone and everything they covered in a shell of hot concrete. Most of the victims of Vesuvius didn’t burn, they suffocated.

    A few people escaped. One woman rode a horse to the Roman port authority on the coast several miles north of Herculaneum. She told the captain of the port, a man named Pliny, about the eruption. He tried to help by sending several fast Croatian rescue ships across the bay to Herculaneum. However, the heat and the rain of volcanic ash were so severe that the ships could not reach land to rescue the victims. Port Captain Pliny wrote a report about the eruption of mount Vesuvius and sent it to Rome. His son, Pliny the younger, remembered his father’s account of the events of that horrible day. The son wrote it down in a book which was essentially lost to history until Naples came under the rule of the King of Spain in 1734. A Spanish scholar found Pliny’s account of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius, and this discovery eventually led to the archaeological excavation of this site. Several skeletons and other artifacts had already been found when one of the archaeologists came upon an idea. He knew the bodies down in the volcanic concrete had decomposed, so he reasoned that the must have left a cavity. He filled the cavity with liquid plaster of Paris and let it harden. Then he dug away all of the soil around the dried plaster and he had a perfect cast of the victims on their final seconds of life.

    In this way the images of the victims were preserved. So we’re their houses, their mosaics, their ovens, their streets, and their temples. The city is still here. So are its people. Pompeii is a city of spirits.
    Les mer

  • Return to Sorrento

    3. mai 2022, Italia ⋅ ⛅ 63 °F

    We have just driven down the Amalfi coast and have checked into the hotel Bel Air in Sorrento. Our room in the view from it is indescribably beautiful. We can see for miles up the coast, Mount Vesuvius towers in the distance in the bay of Naples, and the city itself basks gracefully in the Mediterranean sun.

    Like most of the places we have visited, the Greeks discovered the bay of Naples. They named their trading post on the coast Neapolis (new polis or new city). Gradually that name elided into Naples.

    It is not difficult to see why this place is the home of the beautiful people. Angelina Jolie, Brad Pitt, and Ralph Lauren all have homes here. Our hotel seems about a thousand feet above the sapphire blue water, and it has all of the amenities one could ever want. We just gathered for dinner with friends. I enjoyed a delicious dinner of ravioli and grilled vegetables. I finished it off with a bottle of the local red wine. It was as perfect a meal as I have ever enjoyed. I know why those who can afford to live here do so. The Amalfi coast is literally a paradise on earth.
    Les mer

  • Positano and Beyond

    4. mai 2022, Italia ⋅ ⛅ 59 °F

    We began the day by driving down the Amalfi coast. I had no idea of the spectacular scenery we would find. Towering mountains fall right down into the sea. The coastal road hugs a tiny ledge that often rises 2000 feet above the water of the Mediterranean Sea. Massive cliffs rise vertically out of the ocean to a crest another thousand feet above us. The coastline here is even more magnificent than the California road traveling from Carmel down to Big Sur. We stopped in Positano at a wonderful family restaurant called Constantino’s. Our five course meal started with a Caprese salad, continued with a pizza course. This was followed by a pasta course consisting of cannoli, tagliatelle, manicotti and a wonderful cheese filled crêpe. The meal ended with lemoncello cake followed by a small shot of the beverage itself.

    The scenery became even more magnificent as we swung back-and-forth on switchbacks. We went into higher mountains with terraces for growing white grapes, lemons, olives, and a host of other agricultural products. The terrain looked as though a giant accordion has been thrown down the mountainside. Each new turn revealed another mountain with hundreds of terraces going up the side. Each terrace was supported by a thick retaining wall made of huge stone blocks. Each of these blocks had to be hauled up the mountain side, usually by donkeys. It must have taken an unbelievable amount of work over centuries to haul all of the stone necessary to build those retaining walls. The terrain is so steep that even today stonemasons in brickmasons use donkeys to carry their loads to the worksite. We took time to visit a resort that our travel agents wanted to investigate. It is the opulent San Pietro resort near Positano. Rates here start at €3000 per night. We also saw the lovely town of Ravolo that hosts a classical music festival every June.

    At the far point of our trek we were delighted with the sites from the Villa Rufolo, an estate begun as a castle in the 13th century, modified by the Saracens around 1500, and completely renovated in the 19th century. The estate belonged to a cousin of the pope, a nobleman who essentially ruled the Amalfi coast. This building originally reflected an unusual balance between Norman, medieval, and Saracen styles. However, the major renovation in the 19th century incorporated some romantic fantasies which upset that balance. Nevertheless, the house and watchtower are interesting, and the gardens are stunningly beautiful in their springtime colors.

    We returned to our hotel after a long day, said good-night to a bejeweled Vesuvius and dropped into bed.
    Les mer

  • The Sorrento Death March

    5. mai 2022, Italia ⋅ ⛅ 70 °F

    We were excited about walking into Sorrento again today to complete some unfinished business. I wanted to visit a wonderful furniture store that has some of the most beautiful inlaid marquetry I have ever seen. Secondly, we wanted to have lunch at a little sidewalk snack bar we enjoyed when we were here last. Thirdly, we wanted to show our friend Mary the deep road cut the Romans made with slaves captured in their many wars. Fourthly, I wanted to re-take a photograph of Glenda I muffed when I was here last. It was in the courtyard of a church, and I was just beginning to learn photography, and it was bright out in the courtyard and so Glenda’s face was underexposed.
    So I pulled out the maps app and it got us the six tenths of a mile into town quickly and dumped us right at the door of the snack bar. Cool. We went to the furniture store as expected.
    Check.
    We showed Mary the furniture store.
    Check.
    We showed her the Roman road cut and took a photo.
    Check.
    We walked over to the church and I re- took the photograph.
    Check.

    And then I pulled out my maps app and set it to take us back to the hotel. It began by taking us down a flight of stairs that went down at least 1000 feet below the water level of the bay. Mary was panting. Then we had to climb up another inclined roadway which has not been used since Caligula drove his herd of donkeys to market on the same path in the dying days of the Roman Empire. It rose, and rose, and rose until we could see Capri, and Ischia, and Vesuvius, and Rome and even Biloxi.
    Mary does have a little hitch in her git-a-long, so I wasn’t surprised when she asked, “Any more stairs?”
    “Naw, don’t worry about it,” I said. “This app is great. It shows the quickest way back. Look, you can even see the hotel from here,” I told her.
    “Yes, but it is on the other side of Mount Vesuvius,” she said.
    “Uh—it’s not as far as it looks,” I said.
    “Where’s Glenda,” Mary asked.
    “Oh, crap!” I said. We had already been walking over an hour and a half, and we had lost Glenda. I was frantic. Mary was quickly running out of gas and I had lost my wife in a foreign city. In a few minutes Glenda appeared up ahead of us. “Where have you been?” I yelled.
    “I’ve been up ahead asking for directions.”
    “You’ve been doing WHAT!”
    “It’s not a sin,” she said.
    “It ought to be,” I said.
    She said, “I’m getting us back up to the main road and Mary and I will catch a cab. You want to come?”
    “No way,” I said. “I got this map app . . .”
    “Suit yourself,” she said. “Mary and I are taking a cab.”
    So they did. And I walked back to the hotel. And when I arrived Glenda and Mary were there waiting for me.

    So now Glenda is gloating because for the first time in our married life SHE figured out how to get us home. She is ecstatic because SHE got the right directions before I did. SHE is laughing at me because I took them over four miles when we only had to walk six tenths of a mile. Well, all I have to say is that map app is really cool. I think it’s great cause at least with it a guy doesn’t have to ask for directions.
    Les mer

  • The Bells of Heaven

    6. mai 2022, Italia ⋅ ☁️ 55 °F

    On the way from Sorrento we came straight across the Italian peninsula. We had one rest stop in the Apenine Mountains, and then enjoyed a most unusual excursion to a factory that has been making bells since the thirteenth century. The Marinelli Bell Company in Agnona is the second oldest family business in the world, and the foundry that provides all the bells for the Vatican. This company still makes artisan bells in the old way. They dig a hole in the ground, make the cast, and then fill the cast with molten bronze. After it cools they lift the whole assembly and chip away the part that they don’t need. The formula for the tuning of the bells was achieved in the 15th century. The size and shape of the bell, along with its thickness, determines the note the bell sounds. Small adjustments can then be made by shaving off metal to sharpen or flatten the pitch.Les mer

  • On the Backs of Horses

    6. mai 2022, Italia ⋅ ☁️ 55 °F

    Lunch consisted of a wonderful haute cuisine Italian dinner at a restaurant, Mammi Locanda. That town of Agnone specializes in a certain kind of cheese known as coccia di cavallo (horseback cheese). In the old days farmers union would sling two huge wheels of it over the back of a horse, hence the name. We had a an appetizer made out of this local cheese with puréed peas, a tomato risotto with fresh cream and basil, Roasted chicken with a garnish of horseradish mustard, spinach, and puréed carrots. Dessert was a chocolate trio served with coffee ice cream. I have never had a more magnificent meal.Les mer

  • Life in a Medieval Castle

    6. mai 2022, Italia ⋅ 🌧 61 °F

    We have arrived in the eleventh century. For the next two days our home will be in the fabulous Castello di Septe, a building that has been maintained since its construction sometime around 1050 AD. The inside has been modernized, and it is as comfortable as any hotel we have ever occupied, and the building and its grounds are indescribably beautiful. Its original function was to serve as the home of a nobleman charged with protecting shepherds who drove their flocks to market along a nearby road. Highwaymen we’re a constant problem. A recent descendant had no offspring and the property came up for sale. The result is Castello di Septe, one of the most idyllic lodgings one could imagine.

    Nowadays this facility is used most often as a wedding venue. But our group is occupying most of its rooms right now. There are many vacation venues that do not have any appeal for me. However, for an old medieval antiquarian like me, I feel like I have died and gone to heaven.

    A brief history and other information about this place can be found at the website

    https://www.castellodisepte.com/mobile/index-en…
    Les mer

  • An Abbey Outside of Time

    6. mai 2022, Italia ⋅ 🌧 59 °F

    On our way to supper we have stopped at the Abbey of Fossacesia. This austere church and cloister have stood here unchanged since the middle of the eleventh century. Unlike the high baroque interiors of the churches we have visited recently, these whitewashed walls bear witness to faith in a kingdom beyond the material world. A small community of believers have prayed without ceasing for a thousand years.

    As we arrived a single priest prepared the elements for the Holy Eucharist. At 6:30 pm a single bell up in the campanile called all who wished to worship. Half a dozen people from town silently entered the choir area, where the priest began, “The Lord be with you.” Our group silently exited, but as we left we mixed our prayers with theirs thus joining their small community in our hearts.
    Les mer

  • Fisherman’s Feast

    6. mai 2022, Italia ⋅ ☁️ 61 °F

    As one travels along the coast near Abruzzi, one sees numerous little shacks standing on hundreds of slender sticks driven into the beach. Wooden booms holding fishnets extend out over the surf. This type of fishing hut is known as a trabucco. Most of them were built hundreds of years ago, and have simply been patched up with chewing gum and bailing wire ever since. We stopped at Trabocco Punta Cavalluccio, now converted into a restaurant, for a seafood feast of a lifetime. I was about to say that we had an eight-course meal, but it would be more accurate to say that we had eight consecutive meals. We started eating at 7:00 pm and did not finish until midnight. Each course was more food than I usually eat at one sitting, and it was all delicious. Waiters brought fried sardines, squid, octopus, sea snails, pasta-seafood combinations, and a dozen other delights, along with enough local wine to float a fishing boat. Before the meal was half over I was painfully full. But the food kept on coming.

    An interesting twist to the meal involved a heavy storm out at sea. A huge surf constantly shook our sea-hut, giving us some concern that any moment the whole toothpick structure would collapse. As Jerry Lee Lewis once sang it there was a “whole lot of shaking going on,” and our twenty-eight eyes all enlarged together every time a huge roller threatened to smash the sticks and allow the Adriatic surf to swallow us, our shack and every last dinner plate.

    I had to return my last four heavily loaded plates practically untouched. Now that the meal is over I feel as though I may not have to eat again for at least a month.
    Les mer

  • Traveling Through EATaly

    7. mai 2022, Italia ⋅ 🌧 54 °F

    Today we made a culinary journey through Italy. It was not just a geographical journey through Abruzzi, it was a junket to three wineries. Each one tried to outdo the others in showing us hospitality, generosity and some of the best wines we have ever tasted.

    We visited first the Tilli Vineyards. This small operation prides itself in producing wine the old fashioned way. While they do have modern equipment, they are a completely organic vineyard using no chemicals or insecticides. They harvest and press the grapes using traditional techniques and methods. Their sparkling white wine is made with a relatively new variety, the cocociola grape, using the methode champenois which requires unaltered white wine to ferment and age in the bottle. This process involves more risk to the winemaker. The wine is sealed in the bottle, and after a couple of years, the neck of the bottle is frozen and a plug of sediment is removed. The bottle is corked, and except for periodic turning of the bottle, nothing else is done to the wine for one to three years. The winemaker does not know whether the process is successful until he finally opens the bottle and samples the wine. If everything was done correctly, the wine emerges with a strawy yellow color, extremely tiny bubbles and a flavor that is indescribably delicious.
    The third winery we visited, the Contesa Vineyard is a considerably larger operation. They also produce excellent wines using the same varieties of grapes, but their sparkling white wine is made using the charmat method, also called the tank method. The white wine is fermented and aged not in the bottle, but in a large stainless steel vacuum tank. This process is faster, produces a larger volume of sparkling wine and allows for some adjustments to the liquid as it ages. Although this process is not favored by serious connoisseurs, for most of the rest of us wine made with the charmat method is completely satisfactory and is cheaper than sparkling wine made with the traditional method. Contesa Vineyards is a medium-size producer in the Abruzzi region, and sells about half a million bottles per year.
    Between these two visits, we were wined and dined at the Dora Sarchese Vineyard near Ortona. Favoring the traditional methods, this vineyard has a private reserve Montepulciano. The grapes used for this still, red wine are harvested by hand, pressed by human feet and lovingly tended. This wine is regarded by some as the best red wine in the world. You can drink it to your heart’s content for a mere €1000 per 750 ml bottle.

    While the region of Tuscany with its wonderful Chianti is much better known, the region around Abruzzo also boasts some world class vintages. Additionally this area is very concerned about maintaining its distinctive rural character. The dominant grape here is called Montepulciano d’Abruzzo, which produces a full-bodied red wine that stands up favorably to any Chianti in Tuscany. The scenery and the wines convinced me that, though undiscovered by the masses, this place is the culinary heart of Italy. Endless rows of grape arbors climb mountainsides as far as the eye can see. Hundred-year-old olive trees silently grow their fruit. The farmers here are as careful about their olive oil as they are about their wine. Though the food we were served at all three vineyards was delicious, I would want to come to Abruzzo again just for the scenery.
    Les mer