• Churches of Belgium

    16 November 2022, Belgium ⋅ ☀️ 15 °C

    If you've followed this blog you know we've seen a lot of churches. Like A LOT of churches. I actually had one friend message me and comment that it appears we're on a mission to see every church in Europe. The Belgian cities haven't had the prettiest churches (Italy wins that award still), but they have had a lot of cathedral level churches per city. In order to not have every post be all about churches, I'm making a separate post just for Belgian churches.

    One award Belgium does win is the prettiest Pulpits award. Apparently during the Catholic counter reformation (the Vatican's response to the Protestant Reformation) the Belgian archdioceses decided to put more emphasis on the teachings of the church and manifested as featuring the pulpit rather than the altar at the front of the church. The results are amazing, as you'll see in the pictures.

    Belgium needs a reality show called pimp my pulpit.
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  • Leuven, Belgium

    15 November 2022, Belgium ⋅ ☁️ 15 °C

    Apparently we love Flemish provincial capitals. Leuven is the capital of the Belgian Province of Flemish Brabant. The main attraction here is the Groot Begijnhof Leuven UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is a well preserved "beguinage" (a french term for housing complex meant to house religious women, but not nuns). The complex is owned by the University of Leuven, a prominent land owner in old town Leuven.

    The town is also home to Stella Atois brewery and has a lovely city center lined with shops and restaurants. Very appealing to escape the big city of Brussels as its only a 20 minute train ride east.

    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groot_Begijnhof…
    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beguinage
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  • Ghent, Belgium

    15 November 2022, Belgium ⋅ ⛅ 8 °C

    While Bruges was the capital of West Flemish, Ghent is the capital of the East Flemish Province. Ghent was quite the hidden gem and our B&B hosts recommended it over the other cities which see quite a bit of tourism.

    There was an interesting contrast between the two cities that were near eachother. Bruges felt very manicured and heavily renovated. Beautiful and very quaint, a picturesque Belgium town. Ghent felt a little more original , more grand and had some rough edges showing their original state. Ultimately, we found Ghent a bit more liveable and had some amazing shots of multiple cathedrals lined up in a row.

    Archaeological research has shown that the earliest signs of human settlement in Ghent date back to prehistoric times. However, it was during the Roman period that a community began to grow near the confluence of the two rivers Scheldt and Leie. In the Middle Ages, the Abbey of Saint Peter was founded commercial activity began. By the late 15th century, the cloth trade had begun to wane, though Ghent remained prosperous by shifting its economy to the shipping trade along the Leie and Scheldt rivers. In the latter part of the century, however, the closing of the Scheldt brought with it commercial decline, a decline not to be reversed until the revival of cloth working during the industrial boom of the 19th century. It was not until the early 19th century, when the city became a part of the French Empire, that peace and prosperity was restored to Ghent. From 1800, new factories were constructed such as sugar refineries and cotton mills causing the population to triple.The poor working and living conditions resulted in the creation of the first Belgian trade union in Ghent. Today, Ghent is a lively city with a population of about 250,000 inhabitants.
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  • Bruges, Belgium

    14 November 2022, Belgium ⋅ ⛅ 8 °C

    Bruges is the capital of the West Flanders Province of Belgium. This was significant to us because while Brussels was French speaking, Flemish = Dutch and another language after only an hour train ride. The common languages were Dutch followed by English, French then German. It was amazing how many people spoke at least 3 languages in this part of the country.

    The old town of Bruges is a UNESCO world heritage site, which, like Brussels old town was littered with Waffles, Chocolate, and Beer. Bruges is the "Venice of Belgium" and it was easy to see why with the beautiful canals that ran through it. Although it was particularly cold this time of year it was a nice time to visit as tourists overrun this city during the spring summer and fall.

    Fun fact, apparently Dr. Evil from the Austin Powers series was raised in Bruges.
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  • Brussels, Belgium

    13 November 2022, Belgium ⋅ ⛅ 7 °C

    Beer, Waffles and Chocolate in no particular order. Now repeat. That's been our mantra since we entered Belgium and I must say it's a delightful one. We spent a few days in the Flemish capital of the north Brussels. The city's architecture is beautiful and there is plenty to do and see in the European Unions administrative home.

    Belgium is actually a relatively new country in Europe. Belgium had a revolution and won independence from the Netherlands in 1830. Surprisingly, the catalyst of the revolution was an opera called "La muette de Portici". The opera was focused on nationalistic themes and when the opera finished on August 25th of that year, patrons immediately started to revolt on the streets! After the revolution, Belgium also started a new constitutional monarchy and elected Leopold I as their king. He apparently didn't want the job, but eventually accepted.
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  • Sibiu, Romania

    12 November 2022, Romania ⋅ ⛅ 10 °C

    Sibiu located in northern/central romania in the Transylvania region was our favorite stop in the country. The city of roughly 170,000 people is bursting with culture and has one of the best preserved old towns dating as far back as the 12th century. Sibiu boasts Germanic and Romanian architecture (nicknamed "The City with Eyes") and like much of Romania is of Orthodox faith. It's made up of mostly Romanians as well as a small percentage of Hungarians and Germans. We enjoyed the beautiful piazas, modern restaurants and bars while here as well as the many walking tunnels that meander through the old town area. We were also lucky enough to be here during the first day of their Christmas festivities which was a treat to walk through the stalls and booths at night and enjoy their homemade hot apple ciders and traditional desserts.Baca lagi

  • Christmas Market, Sibiu, Romania

    11 November 2022, Romania ⋅ ☁️ 9 °C

    Every year visitors from northern and Central romania flock to sibiu for the annual Christmas market that starts November 11th through January like many Xmas markets in Europe. We enjoyed mulled wine here as the highlight of the evening along with walking around and seeing the celebrations and lighting of the Christmas tree.Baca lagi

  • Romanian Gastronomy

    10 November 2022, Romania ⋅ ☁️ 17 °C

    One constant in Romanian food seems to be stew. Unlike stew in the USA, Romanian stews seem to be usually served on a place with a side dish. It's kind of served like meat with a gravy, but stew is the name it is given.Baca lagi

  • Romania Countryside

    10 November 2022, Romania ⋅ ⛅ 13 °C

    A few pictures of the Romania countryside in the fall. All pictures were taken from trains we took between destinations. I was sad that our first train through the Carpathian mountains had views obscured by trees or was open on the OTHER side of our crowded train. I didn't feel like getting in anyone's lap to take a picture.Baca lagi

  • Alba Iulia, Romania

    10 November 2022, Romania ⋅ ⛅ 10 °C

    Dave and Emily went on a tour today to some final Transylvania destinations. Among them was Alba Iulia. Alba Iulia is significant for two reasons. When Transylvania was part of the Roman Empire, Alba Iulia was the capital of the region. Secondly, when Romania was unified with Transylvania, the signing of the agreement was held here.

    The main attraction of Alba Iulia is the Fortress. Created by the Austro-Hungarians, it features the common star shape of many fortresses of the period. The star shape allowed cannon cover from all angles and provided good deflection of incoming cannon balls. The fortress at Alba Iulia was never conquered.

    Also of note, is the Orthodox Church, Reunification Cathedral, where the King and Queen of Romania were married. The church was constructed to the Queen's tastes and styles of the time (it's good to be the Queen).

    This site also has more historic significance. It was originally founded by the Roman's over 2000 years ago. Some ruins like the forum are still partially present today. Mining for gold and salt from the river were key industries historically here.
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  • Corvin Castle, Hunedoara, Romania

    10 November 2022, Romania ⋅ ☀️ 11 °C

    In Transylvania romania one of Europe’s largest castles looks like it sits atop a rocky bluff with nothing but a thin bridge allowing access. But this is Corvin Castle, which looks like something straight out of a fairytale, largely because restorers thought that it should. 

    Built in the mid-15th century, the castle was the work of military leader John Hunyadi, who constructed the tall structure over the remains of a keep built by Charles I.

    Corvin Castle is split into three large areas: The Knight’s Hall, the Diet Hall, and the circular stairways. Each of these three parts is surrounded by both circular and rectangular towers that were used for both defense and as a prison. 

    The elaborate architecture was designed in a rich gothic style that accentuates the already impressive structure. The castle was kept in regal condition during Hunyadi’s lifetime, but after he died, the castle fell into swift decline.

    It was not until the 17th century that there was more interest in restoring this medieval castle. As the restoration work began, the workers redesigned the castle to reflect what they considered a gothic castle should look like, which explains much of its currently fanciful look.

    A number of legends are associated with the castle. Though this is likely untrue, tourists are told that Vlad the Impaler spent some seven years in the dungeons of Corvin Castle, a stay which resulted in his eventual madness. Whether true or not, Vlad was imprisoned by Matia Corvin for some time. Upon his release, to improve relations, Vlad the Impaler married a cousin of Corvin.

    -Hunedoara Gypsy Palaces-
    This one was unexpected. The town Corvin Castle is in, Hunedoara, was known for iron and steel manufacturing back in the day. While many have moved on when the mines depleted, today, Gypsy or Roma have been doing very well covering the old manufacturing plants into scrap metal reclamation plants. Our tour guide told us, their houses all feature a similar style (he admitted they look Asian to him) and are now colloquially referred to as Gypsy Palaces.
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  • Sighisoara, Romania

    6 November 2022, Romania ⋅ ☁️ 17 °C

    In northern Romania we visited the beautiful town of Sighisoara (apparently pronounced "Ziggy-shore-a"). The town circles a hill, on the summit of which stands a citadel with a ring of walls, nine extant towers (including the “Tower of the Clock”), and a number of medieval churches. Settlement of the area dates from the Bronze Age and, later, the era of Roman Dacia, but the town itself originated in the 12th century when it was colonized by Saxon Germans. In the 14th century they secured its designation as a free city, enabling it to become an important centre of trade by the second half of the 16th century. Much of the lower town had to be rebuilt after being ravaged by fire in 1676. The historic centre of the town was inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage ListBaca lagi

  • Bran (Dracula's) Castle, Romania

    2 November 2022, Romania ⋅ ☀️ 17 °C

    Bran Castle was built starting in 1377 as a defensible position between the Romania regions of Transylvania and Wallachia to the south. There was fear of Ottoman invasion through much of Romania at that time. Thus most of the true history of this castle was of a military castle, although the Monarchy well built Peleş Castle did spend at least one recorded night here.

    In 1987, Bram Stoker, an Irishman, wrote Dracula based on some research he did on Vlad the Implaler. He described a castle between Transylvania and Wallachia so everyone assumed he wrote about Bran Castle, but it does not match the description in his book. There is also no evidence, Stoker even knew the castle existed. Bram Stoker, also never visited any part of Romania. Also, Vlad the Impaler never set foot in Bran Castle.

    We were lucky to have been at the castle on Nov 2nd, two days after Elon Musk, had reportedly rented out the castle for a Halloween party. The castle still had some cheap Halloween decorations inside (guy looks like he went to iParty). Elon also reportedly never showed up to his own party that night.
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  • Peleș Castle, Transylvania, Romania

    2 November 2022, Romania ⋅ ⛅ 10 °C

    Peleș Castle was the Royal summer residence of the Romanian Monarchy. The castle began construction in 1873 and it was decided that construction could not be completed as long as the King, Carol I, was alive. New wings as extensions were added until the King's death in 1914. At which point the construction halted, leaving side portions of the castle unfinished. This resulted in only side blank wall panels where paintings were planned.

    When the Communist Regime took over Romania, the monarchy was asked to leave. When Romania switched over to a democracy, the monarchy was invited to return, but upon their death, no new monarchy has been crowned. Today, Romania has 2 princesses, who still own Peleș Castle. While, Romania collects ticket sales and performs maintenance, the family is paid a sizable yearly rent on the castle.
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  • Brasov, Transylvania, Romania

    1 November 2022, Romania ⋅ ☀️ 13 °C

    Brasov is a city in the central Transylvania region about 100 miles north of Bucharest past Ploiesti and Sinaia. With a population of over a quarter million people, it is a busy city with both modern delights and plenty of historic, Old World facets and offers great scenic beauty with the Carpathian Mountains bordering on the south. Human settlement in Brasov Romania dates back to 9500 BCE during the Neolithic Age. Transylvanian Saxons, colonists of German descent, played a major hand in development via invitation from Hungary’s King Geza II. Continuous building and expansion of now-famous area fortifications happened during this period. German colonists who settled the city denied Romanians many rights they had always enjoyed, including religious freedoms and the denial of citizenship which forced them to close local businesses. In the 17th century and again in the 19th century a strong campaign for cultural, national, and political rights went viral with the support of thousands of Romanians living abroad. Brasov was delivered back to the Romanians in 1918 when a large majority of Germans were deported to Russia. Brasov’s population has always included a strong ethnic Hungarian minority along with a small percentage of Jewish residents.Baca lagi

  • Dimitrie Gusti National Village Museum

    26 Oktober 2022, Romania ⋅ ⛅ 18 °C

    The Dimitrie Gusti National Village Museum, in Bucharest, Romania, was established in 1936 and "contains 272 authentic peasant farms and houses from all over Romania." (from their Wikipedia page)

    The houses have been originally built as far back as 1765. Many of the houses could not be entered, so we don't have many interior pictures. While the houses were taken from all over Romania, we observed many of the houses seem to come from the Transylvania region.

    It was good to get this perspective of Romania tradition and walk through this open air museum on a nice fall day. Bucharest had a "Peasant Museum", but it was closed for extensive renovations. That was disappointing, but the village museum was a great consolation prize.
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  • Bucharest, Romania

    26 Oktober 2022, Romania ⋅ ☀️ 16 °C

    Bună from Romania!

    Home of Transylvania (more on that in a few days) and Gypsy culture (the proper modern term is Roma or Romani). Bucharest is not a terribly old city. In 1977 an earthquake decimated much of Bucharest, leaving much of their city more modern.

    Romania is an interesting place. The name Romania is derived from a belief that they are descendants of the true Roman Empire. This MIGHT be related to the fact that when the Roman Empire split into east and west, the Eastern Roman Empire (aka the Byzantine Empire) had its capital in nearby modern Istanbul.

    So generally, Romania feels a kinship with Italian culture. The Romanian language is very similar to Italian. For example, Hello is Salute, and goodbye is La Revedere which sounds like Arrivederci.

    It's also notable that despite the affinity for Roman culture, the early inhabitants of Romania were a tribe called the "Dacia." In fact there is a Romanian car manufacturer of that name. They were one of the last tribes conquered by Rome because their fighters gave them a REALLY hard time. The Dacias were a highly sought after mercenary group for that reason. When the Romans did eventually conquer the area, it seems that many Romans migrated to the Romanian region, which further backs up their name as Romania. In fact, Dacians were known for having red hair (Celt ancestry?) and that is not common in modern Romania.
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  • Northern Bulgaria

    25 Oktober 2022, Bulgaria ⋅ ☀️ 26 °C

    From Bucharest we did a day trip to northern Bulgaria. We visited the Rock Hewn Church of Ivanovo. These churches were carved by Orthodox Monks. There are 5 such historical sites and we only visited one of them.

    We then visited Veliko Tarnovo the capitol of medieval Bulgaria during its second Empire. Of note here is Tsarevets Fortress. A huge defensible position as it is almost completely surrounded by the Yantra river (it's worth looking at it on Google Maps, that river was completely drunk). The fortress is connected to the main town by an old stone bridge.
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  • Bee Museum & Sremski Karlovci, Serbia

    21 Oktober 2022, Serbia ⋅ ☁️ 19 °C

    In Sremski Karlovci, Serbia, just south of Belgrade, among the Danube River, David and Emily went to a wine and honey tasting. The site also had a Museum dedicated to bee keeping and also the family trade and history of the owners, the Živanović Family and their trade.

    The Živanović Family beekeeping for 155 years continuously through five generations. The tradition started with Professor Jovan Živanović, at about 1865, and is regarded as "the "father of rational beekeeping" in this part of Europe and in these regions." He also taught beekeeping and biology in Vienna.

    At that time, bee keeping was done by creating a wicker basket, and covering it with a mixture of mud and cow dumb (every bee's dream). An example can be seen in the pictures. However, to harvest the honey, the bees had to be killed. Jovan Živanović created the first "modern" hive in this area, where the side could be removed and the bees could be shaken off the hive, saving the bees.

    Not to bury the lead, but the tasting we had here was very interesting. We got to try two native varieties: Prokupac (a grape), and Bermet (a spiced dessert wine). In addition, the honeys were a meadow honey, a sesame seed honey and a linden honey. The tasting had 7 wines, 3 honeys and a guided museum tour by a Živanović and it cost 650 RSD... about $5.50 a person. I feel like all of that could have cost $650 in Napa. Crazy good price. We'd recommend it.

    Quickly, the town itself was very quaint. It features Karlovci Gymnasium, a big fancy yellow building which is the second oldest secondary school in Serbia.
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  • Novi Sad, Serbia

    19 Oktober 2022, Serbia ⋅ ☀️ 14 °C

    Novi Sad is the second most populous city of Serbia and located along the Danube river. It's also the capital of the autonomous province of Vojvodina. Vojvodina is lesser known, but has a similar situation to the other autonomous province in Serbia, Kosovo. Both are ethnically segregated from the rest of Serbia. Kosovo being largely Albanian Muslim, and Vojvodina being Hungarian and a little more religiously diverse (Serbia is mainly an Orthodox country). Both autonomous provinces had the same status I the former Yugoslavia, while being part of larger Serbia. While Kosovo has voted for independence, Vojvodina has not taken those steps yet.

    Novi Sad is most well known for the near by Fruška Gora national park. The park is a mountain with 11 monasteries asking the top. It's a popular pilgrimage spot for Orthodox Christians. Unfortunately, we were not able to make the pilgrimage ourselves.

    One of the other main attractions is Petrovaradin Fortress. The fortress was built in the 1600s but excavations have found evidence of habitation in the area of Petrovardadin since 19,000 to 15,000 BC.

    Pictures are coming.
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  • Belgrade, Serbia

    16 Oktober 2022, Serbia ⋅ ☀️ 19 °C

    Belgrade is the capital of Serbia and former capital of Yugoslavia. It's also one of the most polluted cities in the world based on air quality and you could certainly tell. Its most significant landmark is the Beogradska Tvrđava, an imposing fortress at the confluence of the Danube and the Sava rivers. The fort is a testament to the city’s strategic importance to the Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman, Serbian and Austrian empires, and it's now the site of several museums as well as Kalemegdan, a vast park.

    The city of Belgrade itself was destroyed 44 times throughout the course of its history. Most recently in WWII where half of Belgrade was totally razed. Today its a very fun, younger, and somewhat modern city. It's known for its quaint Bohemian district loaded with cafes, restaurants, and bars in a nature setting. It feels similar to parts of Boston. They have a predominate night club scene with floating clubs situated along the banks of the Sava River. They also have tons of breweries and orthodox cathedrals downtown. It's home to Tito's residence and mausoleum which we toured as its now part of the Yugoslavia museum not far from the city center.
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  • Lepenski Vir, Eastern Serbia

    12 Oktober 2022, Serbia ⋅ ⛅ 20 °C

    Libesnski Vir is an archeological site in Eastern Serbia that Dave and Emily visited with a tour group from Belgrade. The site was discovered in the 1960 when the Iron Gate I Hydroelectric Power Station was being planned along the Danube River. Surveyors were analyzing the bank of the river and before it got flooded to make an artificial lake.

    During that surveying the archeological site was discovered a previously unknown civilization. The settlements dated back to between 9500 & 7200 BC. That makes it the earliest known European settlement.

    All of the houses in Libesnski Vir have a trapezoid base, which was perplexing to archeologists at first. If you look at mountain across the Danube, there is a migraine with a distinct trapezoid shape. It is now believed they may have worshiped the mountain and modeled their houses after it.

    Today the museum dedicated to Libesnski Vir site is a recreation. The original was flooded when the dam was finished.

    After we visited the Archeological site, We had a lunch feast at a hill top restaurant serving local Serbian food. There were only 5 of us with the tour guide, so we had more than enough food.
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  • Golubac Fortress, Golubac Serbia

    12 Oktober 2022, Serbia ⋅ ⛅ 17 °C

    Golubac Fortress has had a tumultuous history. Prior to its construction in the 14th century, it was the site of a Roman settlement. During the Middle Ages, it became the object of many battles, especially between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary. It changed hands repeatedly, passing between Turks, Bulgarians, Hungarians, Serbs, and Austrians, until 1867, when it was turned over to the Serbian Knez, Mihailo Obrenović III. It sits on the Danube River on the Serbian side and has beautiful views of Romania on the other side of the river.

    Until 2019, the fortress was not open to tourists. One of the reasons was that the fortress was used as a highway. Cars used to drive though the main gate and exit on the other side and continue down the west bank of the Danube. Today, there is still visible damage to the top of the main gate where busses and trucks scrapped the top.

    The fortress also has historical significance for Poland, and is frequented by Polish tourists. A polish national hero, Zawisza Czarny, or Zawisza the Black, died at the castle after a failed siege. He died attempting to save the King who was accidentally left behind while fleeing the Fortress to the east bank of the Danube. He returned and saved the King against the Ottoman Turks who held the fortress at that time.

    The fortress has one tower named "The Water Tower" the one with flags on top. This tower was not originally in the water, but a dam was built down stream raising the water level. Thus it was given its name much later.
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  • Food of the Balkans (primarily BiH)

    10 Oktober 2022, Bosnia dan Herzegovina ⋅ ⛅ 19 °C

    We've had a lot of fabulous dishes here in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Most of them are meat and vegetable based. They have great soups as well as some truly delicious authentic specialities. Here are some photos of meals over the last few weeks.Baca lagi

  • Ashkenazi Synagogue and The Old Temple

    10 Oktober 2022, Bosnia dan Herzegovina ⋅ ☁️ 17 °C

    In Sarajevo, BiH, there still exists a long Jewish history. That history began (sort of, there was a small Jewish population prior) in 1492 when Jews from Spain were expelled after proclamation from the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon. Those Jews migrated to many places, but many made their way through Italy or by boat to Istanbul and eventually settled in Ottoman controlled Sarajevo.

    The Ottomans allowed freedom for the Jewish community, but were treated as 2nd class citizens like any other non-muslims in the Empire. Shortly after their arrival, The Old Temple was erected in 1581. It suffered significant fire damage twice, but has withstood both Nazi occupation and the Bosnian war. Today it is a Museum of Jews in Bit.

    The Ashkenazi Synagogue was built in 1902 and has also survived Nazi occupation and the Bosnian war. It is significant, not only for its size but a relic it told inside. It contains the Sarajevo Haggadah. A relic assumed to have been written in or near Barcelona in the 14th century and made the journey with the Jewish fleeing of Spain. It is a handwritten, beautifully illustrated telling of the story of exodus and was almost destroyed in Italy in 1609 during the inquisition. Today it is read during a ceremony on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Unfortunately David and Emily could not attend for fear of missing our flight on Tuesday. It is considered a one of a kind and a significant Jewish artifact.

    As previously mentioned in other posts, while there was Nazi occupation during WWII there was also a fascist group called the Ustasa, and made up of, most notably, Croats. In 1941 there were 14,000 and 22,000 Jews in BiH and 12,000 to 14,000 in Sarajevo. 12,000 were victims of Fascism. Today there are only 281 Jews living in BiH as there were also victims of the Bosnian war.
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  • Srebrenica massacre, Sarajevo, BiH

    8 Oktober 2022, Bosnia dan Herzegovina ⋅ ⛅ 20 °C

    Today, David and Emily toured the "Gallery 11/07/95" in Sarajevo. A photography gallery showing pictures of victims of Genocide at Srebrenica on 11/07/95 (July 11th for Americans). This is a tough subject, but terribly significant to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Mostar museums also dedicated exhibits to this event and the western world shares responsibility. It feels important that we mention this event as well.

    During the war in Bosnia in the early 90s, the UN did not want to get involved, but did eventually declare the eastern city of Srebrenica (right near Serbia) a safe zone. The city was quickly flooded with war refuges and dealt with water and food supply issues. Srebrenica quickly became a slum, but those inside were thankful for the opportunity to escape war. A Dutch peacekeeping force was dispatched to protect the city from attackers and used an old Factory at Potočari as their base of operation.

    By July 11th, 20K to 25K refuges were in the general Potočari area. Bosnian Serb forces (aka VRS) began to surround Srebrenica and Dutch forces denied access of sufficient refugees into the Potočari compound. Eventually the Dutch forces proved insufficiently armed and were forced to evacuate. No more UN forces or air support was dispatched to the aide of Srebrenica.

    Male refugees were separated from women and children. From there mass execution of males began. Bodies were buried in multiple mass graves. In some instances, to hide their war crimes, bodies were dug up and moved to secondary graves, and sometimes into even tertiary mass graves.

    Today, through DNA analysis, 6,838 victims have been identified. However, the list of missing persons is currently at 8,372 and DNA analysis continues to this day. In some instances, entire families were wiped out so no DNA analysis can be used to identify bodies. The identities of those families have been lost. Many mothers and widows still believe their men may still be found as a war prisoner, but continued visits from the Bosnian Federal Commission of Missing Persons are usually not met with years of happiness.
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